“…Over the last three years, within the framework of the conditions revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic, we experienced three different teaching/learning models at our respective design studios in the Bachelor of Architecture programmes at the Özyeğin University Department of Architecture and the Middle East Technical University (METU) Department of Architecture. First, we had to transform the face-to-face design education of the 2019 fall semester into "emergency remote teaching" (Asadpour, 2021;Green et al, 2020;Komez Daglioglu et al, 2020) for the spring term of 2020, and we continued in this way for three terms. Second, in the fall and spring semesters of 2021-2022, we physically returned to the campus: while some design studios returned to full face-to-face education, some studios con-Vol.16 Nr.5, 2023, Art.…”