“…The first set of scholars focuses on the learners' perceptions of and satisfaction with engaging in a flipped pedagogic environment and includes educator perceptions of their flipped teaching practices. These studies primarily involve the administration of validated scales (Hao, ; Hao, ; Hao & Lee, ; Koo et al, ; Sohrabi & Iraj, ) to measure levels of satisfaction, general surveys to gauge qualitative experiences (McCarthy, ; Rodriguez, ; Schmidt & Ralph, , Evseeva & Solozhenko, ), and interviews (Hall & DuFrene, ; Nguyen, Yu, Japutra, & Chen, ). The second category of research publications focuses on actual student performance within their flipped learning environment and explores whether or not flipped learning pedagogy results in significant increases in learners' academic grades.…”