“…According to Bernardo (2020), only 1 percent of Filipino students reached the high benchmark in mathematics, six percent in the intermediate benchmark and nineteen percent on the low benchmarks, which means they only have basic mathematical knowledge. While majority of the studies argue the engagement, motivation and capabilities of the students (Bacolod-Iglesia et al, 2021;Ha, 2011;Naungayan, 2022;Galabo et al, 2018;Abalde & Oco, 2023;Cordova & Tan, 2018;Anabo, 2023;Macaso & Dagohoy, 2022;Vergara, 2021;Magsino, 2021), several studies highlighted issues on the educational system (Aksan, 2021;Peteros et al, 2022;Launio, 2015), facilities and support system, and applicability of teaching methodologies (Gamit, 2023;Duzon, 2021;Estonanto et al, 2017;Ha, 2011;Cordova & Tan, 2018;Faustino, 2022;Booc et al, 2023;Delosa & Ong, 2021;de Vera et al, 2022).…”