Teaching psychology to jurists: Initiatives and reactions prior to World War I.

Abstract

This article deals with the kind of psychology suggested for jurists that was thought to be necessary training for their work. An analysis of the content of two textbooks by Otto Lipmann and Karl Marbe reveals that such teaching activity involves two different levels of historical analysis. On the one hand, it relates to experimental research done by psychologists on law-related issues; on the other, it concerns the professional experience psychologists accumulated by acting as expert witnesses in court. The paper investigates how psychologists presented psychology to jurists, which methods and theories they suggested as being essential for juristic training and professional performance, and whether jurists appreciated these materials and efforts. These inquiries are embedded in the debate on the history of criminal psychology, taking into account the European, particularly the German, context. The author shows how specific historical developments led to an increased exchange between experimental psychology and criminal law during the first decades of the 20th century.

History of forensic psychiatry

“…A recent study by Mü lberger [31] has examined the efforts of psychologists in Germany to influence law school curricula. Her analysis of courses and textbooks shows how psychologists buttressed their claims to authority by highlighting the use of experimental methodology, for example to test the reliability of witnesses' memory in court testimony.…”

Psychology of eyewitness testimony in Germany in the 20th century.

“…The Reception of Expert Testimony by the Courts and the Media Wolffram (2018), following Kerchner (1998Kerchner ( , 2005, Mülberger (2009) and other authors, describes some sensational cases in Berlin and other metropolitan areas in detail and draws farreaching conclusions from them regarding the perceived reliability and evaluation of witnesses, the role of different types of experts in these trials, and the reactions by the judicial system (judges and lawyers) and the (boulevard) press to experts' evaluations and opinions. However, we do not know how representative these cases are for these periods.…”

Lithuanian Psychology Textbooks for General Education Schools in the First Half of the 20th Century

“…Tai atsispindėjo ir to laikotarpio vadovėliuose. Juos įvairiais aspektais analizuoja Vakarų šalių bei Rusijos mokslininkai, tiriantys tiek psichologijos mokslo, tiek jos mokymo raidą (Weiten ir Wight, 1992;Fuchs, 2000;Byford, 2008;Mülberger, 2009; Tolstych, 2010 ir kt.). Aptariamo laikotarpio įvairių dalykų lietuviški vadovėliai kol kas nėra tapę išsamių įvairialypių mokslinių tyrimų objektu, daugiausia juos yra nagrinėję terminologai.…”