“…Scholars have advocated for more critical multicultural frameworks that grapple with past and present structural inequalities that shape students' experiences and teachers' biases or misunderstandings regarding race and culture (Lewis & Diamond, ; Nieto, ). Equity literacy (Gorski, , ) and racial literacy (Epstein & Gist, ; Guinier, ) frameworks, for example, emphasize the importance of fostering teacher candidates' structural analyses of inequalities. Such frameworks prioritize directly addressing racism and related equity issues and encourage candidates' recognition of, and their ability to respond to, manifestations of inequity in schools (Gorski, , ).…”