“…A review of the literature has shown numerous research studies that have used ABs to develop reading and literacy skills while-listening to ABs among elementary, middle school, high school, young adults, and adult students. ABs are used with first (L1) and second language (L2) readers to develop comprehension, expand vocabulary, improve fluency, activate prior knowledge, and increase motivation to interact with books Best et al (2020); Tusmagambet (2020); Al-Jarf (2019); Milliner (2019); Al-Jarf (2018); Linton and Ph.D. Dissertation, Northcentral University (2017); Moore and Cahill (2016); Lorenzo-Zamorano (2015); Larson (2015); Al-Jarf (2015); Whittingham et al (2013); Esteves and Whitten (2011); Wolfson (2008); Chen (2004). Furthermore, ABs have traditionally been used in schools by teachers of L2, learning-disabled students, those with reading difficulties, and struggling readers and non-readers.…”