From a qualitative perspective, this study analyzes the meanings that teachers who work in primary schools in a rural commune in the Coquimbo Region, Chile, construct around the concept of science and its teaching. In this framework, the study delves into the idea of science that teachers use, the approach given to their teaching, and its contribution to the development of students. Regarding findings, the preeminence of an idealized conception of science is observed in teachers, along with shortcomings in terms of knowledge and management of theoretical content, which derive from the privilege of experimentation, either as a factor of professional legitimization or as a means to motivate the interest of the student body. There is concern for students and their learning, especially in relation to the development of analysis and reflection skills. On this level, teachers understand scientific knowledge as a source of social mobility insofar as it would enable students to abandon their condition of vulnerability.