“…Similarly, Dick and Carey is process oriented and analyzes instructional goals, specifies performance, develops criteria for achievement and instructional design strategy, creates materials, and develops and conducts evaluations to ensure learning objectives are met (Dijkstra, Schott, Seel, Tennyson, & Seel, 2013). Although both these models are valuable in creating a systematic process for course development and sound evaluation, their focus is more on process versus specific instructional design methods or strategies (Rapanta, Maina, Lotz, & Bacchelli, 2013; Silber, 2007). On the contrary, Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction provide more details about how to create instructional activities: gaining student attention, informing students of goals, stimulating recall of prior learning, presenting content, providing learning guidance, eliciting performance, providing feedback, assessing performance, enhancing retention and transfer (Franklin, 2017; Gagné, Briggs, & Wager, 1992).…”