Economic dispatch coordinates the generation across the distribution network while minimizing the overall generational cost. Optimal dispatch is a global optimization problem and, thus, conventionally carried out by a supervisory controller. However, reliability concerns challenge such architectural design as the failure in the central controller or any communication links would hinder the whole system functionality. Moreover, investigation of such optimization methods has been mainly limited to AC distribution systems; Optimal dispatch of DC distribution systems is largely underinvestigated. Alternatively, this work deigns a distributed controller to achieve optimal dispatch of DC sources by properly sharing the load among DC sources and synchronizing individual incremental costs. This synchrony leads to optimal dispatch of dc sources and secures the system performance against controller or communication link failures.Index Terms -Cooperative control, DC distribution system, Optimal dispatch.
I. INTRODUCTIONEconomic dispatch is one of the most important studies in the power system realm. It seeks to coordinate sources to meet the total power demand while minimizing the total generation cost [1]- [5]. This is naturally a nonlinear optimization problem with solutions based on Lagrange multipliers theory [6], dynamic programming [7], or evolutionary algorithms [8]. These approaches are commonly implemented in a supervisory controller, called the tertiary controller, which handles communication, processing, and transmitting the decision to the sources. This central command unit is a data fusion and processing center that requires complex communication infrastructure and intricate computational machinery and poses a reliability concern [9]. In addition, prior knowledge of the system dynamics and load forecast is essential to the operation of the economic dispatch.Decentralized and distributed control approaches are introduced in the literature to handle economic dispatch with distributed computational units across the distribution grid. Limited message passing among these controller help to global coordination and economic dispatch. A distributed auction-based algorithm is presented in [10]. The consensusbased economic dispatch in [11] handles the supply-demand mismatch due to the transmission losses. Decentralized and scalable economic dispatch solutions for small-scale power systems are also discussed in [12]- [13].