Tear and serum interleukin-8 and serum CX3CL1, CCL2 and CCL5 in sulfur mustard eye-exposed patients

Ghazanfari, Tooba; Ghasemi, Hassan; Yaraee, Roya; Mahmoudi, Mahmoud; Javadi, Mohammad Ali; Soroush, Mohammad Reza; Faghihzadeh, Soghrat; Majd, Ali Mohammad Mohseni; Shakeri, Raheleh; Babaei, Mahmoud; Heidary, Fatemeh; Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105844

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…10,11 A study on eye injuries secondary to SM showed the association of alterations in serum immunoglobulin levels, especially IgG1 and IgG2, with some ocular abnormalities. 12 Ghazanfari et al 13 stated that the level of interleukin-8/CXCL8 in tear film was associated with the intensity of ocular surface injuries. The higher levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and changes in levels of selectins in serum of individuals with severe eye injuries caused by SM were previously demonstrated as a regulatory defense mechanism against the ocular damage by SM.…”

Section: Tissue Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mustard Gas–Induced Ocular Surface Disorders: An Update on the Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Management

Soleimani

Momenaei

Baradaran‐Rafii

et al. 2022

Cornea

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Purpose: Mustard gas (MG) is a potent blistering and alkylating agent that has been used for military and terrorism purposes. Ocular surface injuries are common after exposure to MG. This review provides an update on the pathophysiology, ocular surface complications, and treatment options for MG-related ocular injuries.Methods: Required information was obtained by reviewing various databases such as Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PubMed until March 2022. Data were collected by using keywords: "mustard gas" OR "sulfur mustard" AND "eye" OR "cornea" OR "ocular complication" OR "keratitis" OR "keratopathy" OR "limbal stem cell deficiency" OR "dry eye."Results: Chronic intracellular toxicity, inflammation, and ischemia have been shown to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of MG injury. Ocular surface injuries can have acute, chronic, and most distinctly a delayed-onset presentation leading to various degrees of limbal stem cell deficiency. To date, no treatment has been agreed on as the standard treatment for chronic/delayed-onset MG keratopathy. Based on the authors' experience, we propose a management algorithm for MG-related ocular surface injuries involving optimization of ocular health, anti-inflammatory therapy, and if needed surgical interventions. The management of chronic and delayedonset presentation remains challenging.Conclusions: MG keratopathy is a unique form of chemical injury which can lead to a range of ocular surface pathologies. Long-term anti-inflammatory therapy even in patients with seemingly mild disease may potentially reduce the likelihood of the development of more severe delayed-onset disease.

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