Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness as a Function of Blinking

Korb, Donald R.; Baron, David F.; Herman, Joseph L.; Finnemore, Victor M.; Exford, Joan M.; Hermosa, Jeannette Londono; Leahy, Charles D.; Glonek, Thomas; Greiner, Jack V.

doi:10.1097/00003226-199407000-00012

Cited by 203 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…LLT was measured using the method originally described by Guillon 4,19 and then modified by Korb et al 12 Briefly, this method utilized a customized designed hemicylindrical broad-spectrum illumination source with heat-absorbing filters, a Zeiss binocular microscope with a beam splitter providing 70% light to a highresolution video camera, an SVHS recorder, and a high-resolution 20-in colour monitor. 12 This instrument illuminated a 2.5 mm vertical and 5.0 mm horizontal area of the tear film, from the inferior limbus approaching the pupillary margin. This field provides an adequate area of observation without the light source directly entering the pupil, thus avoiding discomfort and potential reflex tearing.…”

Section: Measurement Of Lipid Layer Thickness (Llt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnification of the colour interference patterns, as viewed in real time on the monitor, was varied from 10 Â to 25 Â for accurate analysis. Trueness of colour representation on the video monitor was controlled by calibrating the instrument with Eastman Kodak colour reference standards (Wratten filters) 12 prior to analysis.…”

Section: Measurement Of Lipid Layer Thickness (Llt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,15,16,19 The thickness assigned to the lipid layer corresponds to that represented by the dominant colour within the observation area. Interference patterns were recorded for each subject and then interpreted at different times by two independent examiners, and the average for each statistical case was computed.…”

Section: Measurement Of Lipid Layer Thickness (Llt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The lipid layer is principally derived from the oils in the meibomian glands, [5][6][7][8][9][10] with blinking spreading the lipids over the tear film. 11 The LLT is dependent on several major factors including meibomian gland function, 1 composition of meibomian gland secretions, 5 effectiveness of blinking, 12 width of the interpalpebral fissure, 13 and ambient humidity. 14 Numerous methods of utilizing interference patterns have been used to measure LLT, including slit lamp using a gooseneck lamp, 15 a semiquantitative method, 16 biodifferential interference microscopy, 17,18 diffuse cold cathode tube illumination, 4,19 differential interference contrast microscopy, 20 Polaroid filters, 19,21 and monochromatic light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of lipid layer thickness measurements with fluorescein tear film break-up time and Schirmer's test

Isreb

Greiner

Korb

et al. 2003

Eye

121

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Purpose This study correlates measurement of lipid layer thickness (LLT) with two frequently used dry eye tests, fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) and Schirmer's test with anaesthesia (STA). Methods Subjects (n ¼ 44 eyes) with symptoms of dry eye and positive results for dry eye with either FBUT or STA or both were selected. Quantification of LLT was performed by the observation of colour interference patterns in zones of specular reflection using a custom-designed instrument. Results All correlations among pairs of tests were strong and exhibited a significance of Po0.000: STA with FBUT, Pearson's correlation 0.653; STA with LLT, 0.764; FBUT with LLT, 0.751. When LLT was high, ie Z120 nm, which occurred in 14 eyes, STA was also elevated in those eyes and FBUT was high in 13 of the 14 eyes. When LLT was low, ie r60, which occurred in 22 eyes, STA was below normal in 14 of the 22 eyes, and FBUT was below normal in 15 of the 22 eyes. These clinical observations paralleled the statistical findings computed from the entire data set. Conclusions The correlations demonstrated in this study support the premise (1) that measurement of LLT is a reliable test for the diagnosis of dry eye, and (2) that aqueous deficiency and lipid deficiency, as they apply to dry eye disorders, are not mutually exclusive.

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Section: Measurement Of Lipid Layer Thickness (Llt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Lipid Layer Thickness (Llt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Lipid Layer Thickness (Llt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Correlation of lipid layer thickness measurements with fluorescein tear film break-up time and Schirmer's test

Isreb

Greiner

Korb

et al. 2003

Eye

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Another role is the stabilization of the tear film (Korb et al 1994). Beyond its protective properties, EB encompasses different cognitive processes associated with attention (Corbetta and Shulman 2002;Nakano and Kitazawa 2010;Nakano et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Without Blinking an Eye: Proactive Motor Control Enhancement

Yaniv

Lavidor

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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While most cognitive control enhancement studies have focused on reactive inhibition paradigms, enhancement of proactive control of urge-driven behaviors has been relatively neglected. With the aim of focusing on the proactive components of cognitive control over motor output, we designed a simple, ecologically valid eye blinking suppression task and applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Fifty-three subjects randomly allocated to three different stimulation groups underwent active or sham stimulation, subsequently performing eye blinking and stop signal tasks. Results showed that anodal stimulation over the rIFG increased the ability to suppress blinks compared to sham and active control stimulation. In addition, the rIFG group demonstrated a general slowdown of the stop signal reaction time, implying proactive control enhancement. Herein, we discuss our results with regard to previous findings as well as possible interventions in clinical populations.

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