Tear Film Osmolarity in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Sağdık, Hacı Murat; Tetikoğlu, Mehmet; Uçar, Fatma; Uğurbaş, Sılay Cantürk; Uğurbaş, Suat Hayri

doi:10.1159/000345770

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…One possible explanation for the difference in tear osmolarity is that Sağdik et al required an eye drop washout period of 12 hours and ointment washout of 5 days, whereas our study required that subjects not use any eye drops for a period of 2 hours as recommended by TearLab and as employed by other tear osmolarity studies 25,26,30. Because 30% of our subjects reported using artificial tears, future studies in our population with a longer washout period may find a maximum tear osmolarity closer to the value found by Sağdik et al22…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, tear osmolarity in our diabetic population was lower than that found by Sağdik et al,22 who found an average tear osmolarity of 320±22 mOsm/L in diabetic subjects and 308±18 mOsm/L in controls. Glycemic control was similar in our study and that of Sağdik et al, with a mean HbA1c of 7.9% in both studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…This is similar to the findings of Aragona et al,23 who found that tear osmolarity in patients with type 1 diabetes was not correlated with HbA1c, diabetes duration, or retinopathy. Similarly, Sağdik et al22 did not find a correlation between tear osmolarity and HbA1c; however, their study did find that tear osmolarity increased with duration of diabetes 22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Despite numerous studies describing an association between diabetes and DED, to our knowledge, there are few publications describing tear osmolarity as a marker of dry eye severity in diabetes 22–24. Additionally, we sought to examine how self-reported dry eye severity related to tear osmolarity in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Tear osmolarity and dry eye symptoms in diabetics

Fuerst¹,

Langelier²,

Massaro-Giordano³

et al. 2014

OPTH

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PurposeTo assess the relationship between tear osmolarity and dry eye symptoms in patients with diabetes.Patients and methodsFifty patients with diabetes were enrolled. Demographic information and past medical history were recorded. Symptoms were assessed using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Tear osmolarity of each eye was measured with the TearLab® Osmolarity System.ResultsThe majority of the subjects were female (76%), African American (56%), and/or had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (82%). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) for age was 54.6±13.4, and maximum tear osmolarity was 304.6±12.7 mOsm/L. Men had higher osmolarity than women (mean ± standard error (SE) 311.8±4.0 mOsm/L versus 302.3±1.9 mOsm/L, P=0.02). Age, race, use of artificial tears, years of diabetes, and hemoglobin A1c did not have a statistically significant association with tear osmolarity. Longer duration of diabetes was associated with lower (less severe) OSDI scores (r=−0.35, P=0.01). Higher tear osmolarity was associated with lower (less severe) OSDI scores (r=−0.29, P=0.04).ConclusionApproximately half of the diabetic subjects in our study had elevated tear osmolarity, and half of our population also reported symptoms consistent with dry eye disease. However, the two were slightly inversely related in that those with higher osmolarity reported fewer symptoms. Subjects with a longer duration of diabetes also reported fewer dry eye symptoms. Therefore, health care providers should be aware that patients who are most likely to have ocular surface disease, including those with long-standing diabetes, may not experience symptoms and seek care in a timely manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tear osmolarity and dry eye symptoms in diabetics

Fuerst¹,

Langelier²,

Massaro-Giordano³

et al. 2014

OPTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The observed mean values of tear osmolarity, BUT and Schirmer I test were 314.2±11.4 mOsm/L, 6.9±3.9 sec and 9.4±4.2 mm, respectively (7). Higher tear osmolarity (mean value 320.40±21.80 mOsm/l) has been also noted in diabetic subjects, where it was related to the duration of Diabetes Mellitus (19). The raised proptosis and lid fissure width appeared to be the reasons for tear hyperosmolarity (mean value 290.80±13.58 mOsm), as assessed by an auto-osmometer (OM-6030 AUTO STAT; Daiichi, Kyoto, Japan), in 21 subjects with thyroid ophthalmopathy (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Tear Film Osmolarity in Subjects with Acute Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis

Nitoda

Lavaris

Laios

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Background/Aim: Acute allergic rhinoconjuctivitis is the most common form of ocular allergies. The pathogenetic mechanisms are based on an immunoglobulin E (IgEAcute allergic rhinoconjuctivitis is the most common form of ocular allergies, affecting at least 15-20% of the population. It is divided into seasonal (hay fever), which is released by pollen in the spring and summer, and perennial, which appears throughout the year and is induced by dust mites, animal dander and mold allergens (1, 2). The pathogenetic mechanisms of acute allergic conjunctivitis are based on an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, where IgE binds initially to highaffinity receptors on mast cells and basophils and then to the aforementioned allergens. The subsequent activation of mast cells results in the release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, tryptase, prostaglandins, chemokines and leukotrienes (1). Monocytes, eosinophils and platelets also afford low-affinity IgE receptors (2). Subjects experience acute episodes of redness, tearing, ocular and nasal itching, sneezing, congestion and rhinorrhoea. Slit lamp examination usually reveals bilateral eyelid edema along with conjunctival swelling, chemosis and papillary reaction (1, 2). 403

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