Tear film profile in Graves' ophthalmopathy

Khurana, Ashi; Sunder, S; Ahluwalia, B. K.; Malhotra, K. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb08576.x

Cited by 55 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our results showed that BUT and Schirmer test results were lower in GO patients than healthy controls and were lower in active GO patients than in inactive GO patients. These findings were in accordance with previous studies (3)(4)(5)12). We have found only one study (2) in the literature investigating tear osmolarity in patients with GO.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…IgG antibody may be responsible for hypertrophy of the extraocular muscles, cellular infiltration of the interstitial tissues, and proliferation of orbital fat and connective tissue (2). Patients with GO have symptoms of ocular discomfort including redness, irritation, and foreign body sensation, which are similar to those observed in dry eye disease (DED) (3)(4)(5). Some methods such as tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer, and mucus fern tests are used for investigation of DED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

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Tear Film Osmolarity in Patients with Graves Ophthalmopathy

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Tear Film Osmolarity in Patients with Graves Ophthalmopathy

et al. 2014

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“…This is inconsistent with the suggestion of abnormal mechanical interaction between the upper eyelid and superior corneal limbus in the pathogenesis of SLKK (Wright 1972). Khurana et al (1992) investigate the tear film function in TAED and found that tear film pH, marginal tear film layer, and results of Schirmer test were normal, but break-up time, Rose Bengal and lisamin green staining were consistent with dry eye. Therefore, it is unlikely that the abnormal morphological changes observed in TAED occur as a result of lacrimal gland involvement and decreased aqueous production.…”

Section: Conjunctival Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of conjunctival morphology in thyroid associated eye disease by use of impression cytology

Özkan

Söylev

Vahapoĝlu

et al. 1997

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT. Thirty-one patients with the diagnosis of thyroid associated eye disease were included in the study. Samples were obtained from upper and temporal bulbar conjunctiva of both eyes by cellulose acetate filter paper. Control group included 20 healthy individuals. In patients with thyroid associated eye disease, grade 2 or 3 squamous metaplasia was observed in 32.26% of the samples obtained from upper bulbar conjunctiva, whereas this ratio increased to 82.26% in temporal bulbar area. None of the control cases showed changes of grade 2 or more. The evaluation of cytological changes with respect to clinical findings revealed that the main factor responsible for the cytological findings was inflammatory changes of the conjunctiva, whereas interpalpebral distance and proptosis had only a partial effect.

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“…[2][3][4] The most likely mechanism is the increased evaporation of the tear film in TO patients, resulting in evaporative dry eye (EDE). [2][3][4] This is the result of increase in volume of the orbital contents that push the globe anteriorly and increase the palpebral fissure width. Proptosis (and lid retraction, if present) secondarily causes evaporative loss of the tear film and increases the tear film osmolarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical cyclosporine A for the dry eye findings of thyroid orbitopathy patients

Altiparmak

Acar

Ozer

et al. 2009

Eye

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Purpose To determine the beneficial effect of topically administered Cyclosporine A (CsA) for the dry eye findings of thyroid orbitopathy patients. Patients and methods This prospective pilot study included 73 eyes of 42 patients with thyroid orbitopathy who had documented dry eye findings. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: in group 1 (48 eyes), patients received topical artificial tear-drop treatment. In group 2 (25 eyes), patients received topical CsA and artificial tear-drop treatment. During a mean follow-up of 6 months, change in Schirmer's test with aneasthesia, tear break-up-time (BUT) and impression cytology results were analyzed and were compared between groups. Results The two groups were age (P ¼ 0.449) and gender (P ¼ 0.942) matched. The Schirmer's test (P ¼ 0.441), tear BUT (P ¼ 0.718) and impression score (P ¼ 0.103) were also similar before the treatment in both groups. In group 1, all three parameters improved significantly with treatment (Po0.001 for all). In group 2, Schirmer's test (P ¼ 0.001) and tear BUT (Po0.001) improved, but the impression score (P ¼ 0.175) did not change significantly after treatment. The percentage of patients with improved tear BUT (P ¼ 0.04) and improved impression score (Po0.001) were higher in group 1. At the end of follow-up, group 1 patients had better Schirmer's test (P ¼ 0.004), tear BUT (P ¼ 0.021) and impression scores (Po0.001), than group 2 patients. Conclusions The combined CsA use with artificial tear drops is not more advantageous than the use of artificial tear drops alone, for the dry eye findings of thyroid orbitopathy patients.

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Tear film profile in Graves' ophthalmopathy

Cited by 55 publications

References 7 publications

Tear Film Osmolarity in Patients with Graves Ophthalmopathy

Tear Film Osmolarity in Patients with Graves Ophthalmopathy

Evaluation of conjunctival morphology in thyroid associated eye disease by use of impression cytology

Topical cyclosporine A for the dry eye findings of thyroid orbitopathy patients

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