Tear Production Levels and Dry Eye Disease Severity in a Large Norwegian Cohort

Abstract

Schirmer I is a robust discriminator for DESL, Osm, TFBUT, OPI, OSS, and TMH, but not for ME, MQ, and MGD. Patients with lower tear production levels presented with more severe DED at all three defined cut-off values. Interestingly, the differences in the mean values of DESL were minimal although statistically significant. Thus, the clinical value of different Schirmer levels appears to be limited.

Tear Metabolomics in Dry Eye Disease: A Review

“…As it is a multifactorial entity, no single tests or cutoff values are pathognomonic to DED. Therefore, clinical tests measuring the signs together with questionnaires that record patient symptoms are currently used [2,7,34,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100]. These methods have been shown to be associated with the metabolomics approach.…”

“…Obtaining good results requires the minimization of potential errors within the total testing process [108,109]. Differences in subject recruitment, tear sampling, and storage can result in variation [25,32,33,34].…”

“…It is important to prevent and correct for sources of bias such as subject recruitment criteria (e.g., DED screening, number of participants, age, diet, lifestyle, and sex), time (morning or afternoon), method of tear sampling (e.g., Schirmer test strip and microcapillary tube), and other pre-analytical factors such as sample handling and storage (storage temperature, freeze–thaw cycles, etc.). These factors can alter the composition of the sample, making the results difficult to interpret [25,32,33,34,35,36,37].…”

Caracterización de pacientes con enfermedad de ojo seco en una institución de referencia en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia

“…Pacientes con prueba de Schirmer < a 10 mm o meniscometría < a 4 mm fueron considerados con OSAD. Quienes presentaron DGM y prueba de Schirmer o meniscometría anormales fueron considerados como subtipo mixto 3,6,9 . Para el diagnóstico y clasificación se consideraron los datos del peor ojo de cada paciente.…”

“…Para el procesamiento de la información se elaboró una base de datos en Microsoft Excel Office 365 ® (Microsoft del margen palpebral, pasados 5 minutos se tomó la medida en milímetros (mm) de impregnación de la lágrima sobre el papel. Se utilizó la siguiente escala para clasificarlo: ≤ 2, ≤ 5, < 10 y ≥ 10 mm 9 .…”