“…Typically, most recanalizations are achieved with hydrophilic guidewires, which are primarily successful in subtotal occlusions. 2,3 However, there is well known significant difficulty and failures when encountering chronic total occlusions, mostly because of calcified caps at the ends of the CTO. 4 Other techniques employed for CTO crossing include controlled blunt micro-dissection, and optical coherence reflectometry guided RFA guidewires, again, however, not designed for this application.…”