Technical and ecological impacts of the High Aswan Dam

Incorporating the concept of equivalent freshwater head in successive horizontal simulations of seawater intrusion in the Nile Delta aquifer, Egypt

“…The Nile Delta aquifer underlies about 3.0 million acres of fertile lands. Water flowing through the Damietta and Rosetta branches accounts for less than half of the original total northward flow across the Delta plain, that is now captured by artificial waterways comprising over 10,000 km of canals, 2-3 km apart (Kashef, 1981a(Kashef, , 1981b. This huge surface water network interacts with the groundwater system in the Nile Delta Aquifer.…”

“…The geology of the Nile Delta basin were extensively discussed by a number of researchers over the last six decades (Hurst, 1952;Said, 1962Said, , 1981Said, , 1993Shata, 1966;Kashef, 1981aKashef, , 1981bSamual et al, 2003). The Nile Delta aquifer is a semi-confined aquifer system increasing in thickness from about 200 m in the south, near Cairo, to more than 900 m at the Mediterranean Sea (Fig.…”

Impacts of large dams on downstream flow conditions of rivers: Aggradation and reduction of the Medjerda channel capacity downstream of the Sidi Salem dam (Tunisia)

“…The adverse environmental impacts of hydraulic projects on large Mediterranean watercourses have been raised since the effects of the Aswan dam on the Nile were revealed (Kashef, 1981;Kim and Sultan, 2002). After the completion of the dam, the delta shrank rapidly due to increased erosion and the sardine fish catch was reduced by 95% following a decrease in input of food nutrients (Saito et al, 1994).…”

Environmental effects of reservoirs

“…Considerable downstream erosion occurred in the Nile after the closure of the Aswan Dam (Hammad, 1972). The Nile Delta has also been affected as the effects of coastal erosion are no longer balanced by silt from the river (Petr, 1978;Kashef, 1981). The damming of the Volta River in Ghana has led to an increase in erosion on the Ghanaian coast (Ly, 1980).…”