Technical application of a ternary alternative jet fuel blend – Chemical characterization and impact on jet engine particle emission

Combustion kinetics of alternative jet fuels, Part-II: Reaction model for fuel surrogate

“…from DemoSPK [207] measured at the Pratt & Whitney PW4158 engine of an Airbus A300 are seen to coincidence with the flow reactor results. More detailed examination for the ECLIF fuels can be found in [26] along with 26 different fuels with a particular focus on the influence of unsaturation and cyclic structure on the formation of individual small-to large-aromatics (up to 5-ring) formation.…”

Aircraft engine particulate matter emissions from sustainable aviation fuels: Results from ground-based measurements during the NASA/DLR campaign ECLIF2/ND-MAX

“…Alternative jet fuels and blends with higher fuel hydrogen content than regular jet fuel produce less soot during combustion, which has been proven in many field studies [8,14,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. The application of ternary blends with beneficial emission properties has been demonstrated on PW4158 engines as well [27]. It must be noted that the reduction in emission is a function of the jet engine power setting, with the largest reductions usually observed at idle and low power conditions.…”

A brief introduction to the typical fuels for SI engine and its future projections

“…In addition to emitting fewer pollutants than gasoline, most of these fuels are more economically viable than oil, and they are renewable. Since 1930, alternative fuels have been used, including methane, propane, ethanol, methanol, and hydrogen [2]. The solution to improving the efficiency of the internal combustion engine (ICE) has become the focus of many manufacturers [3].…”