Technical aspects of applying high frequency densitometry: Probe-sample contact, sample surface preparation and integration width of different dielectric probes

Wassenberg, Marc; Schinker, M. G.; Spiecker, Heinrich

doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2015.03.001

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We used the same HF probe for all samples (type D, approximately 80 μm integration width, see Fig. 1 -Wassenberg et al 2015b). The mean density was calculated per year, tree and aspect as an arithmetic mean between the four radii that were measured.…”

Section: Sampling and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The signal received by the dielectric measuring device is directly influenced by the dielectric properties of the wood sample along the radius, and the variation of the dielectric permittivity is correlated with the density variations (Schinker et al 2003). HF densitometry has been shown to perform reliable measurements of wood density (Wassenberg et al 2014;Wassenberg et al 2015b) and results compare well to X-ray densitometry (Schinker et al 2003). When compared to X-ray measurements this method provides the advantage that it is extremely fast, non-destructive and relatively inexpensive; this method was used in several dendroclimatological studies in recent years (Fan et al 2009;Bender et al 2012;Montwé et al 2014;Shchupakivskyy et al 2014;Wassenberg et al 2015a;Hackenberg et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between tree-ring growth and aspect

2016

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Background: Wood density is considered to be the most important predictor of wood quality but despite its importance, diffuse-porous tree species have been the subject of only a limited number of studies. The importance of European beech forests for Central Europe calls for profound research to examine the potential impact of a warmer climate on the quality of beech timber. Methods:In this study we analysed the influence of tree-ring width and tree-ring age on the wood density of beech, and whether the wood density response to these two parameters is modified by aspect. A linear mixed-effects model for wood density was constructed for mean density data measured with high frequency densitometry on stem discs from 72 beech trees sampled from two different aspects (northeast -NE and southwest -SW) of a valley in southwestern Germany.Results: Part of the variability of mean annual wood density was explained by cambial age: an increase in cambial age resulted in an increase in mean wood density. Tree-ring width and aspect had only a small influence on wood density. Wood density on the SW aspect was lower than on the NE with a difference of approximately 0.006 g/cm 3 . The between-tree variability was very high.Conclusions: The significant interaction between cambial age and aspect reflects the importance of site conditions at older tree ages: with increasing cambial age the difference between aspects becomes stronger. Our results give a better understanding of the importance of site conditions on the wood quality of beech.

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Section: Sampling and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between tree-ring growth and aspect

2016

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“…Increment cores were sampled perpendicular to the direction of the slope to avoid compression wood. After drying, the increment cores were fixed in LC45 cable conduits (Hermann Kleinhuis GmbH + Co. KG, Linz am Rhein, Germany), mounted on glass plates and their cross-sections were prepared with an ultra-precise diamond fly cutter (Kugler F500, Kugler GmbH, Salem, Germany) producing highly smooth surfaces for subsequent wood density measurement with high-frequency (HF) densitometry (Spiecker et al, 2000;Schinker et al, 2003;Wassenberg et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Sampling and Preparation Of Increment Coresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate drought stress response of Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas fir along elevational gradients in Southwestern Germany

et al. 2022

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The conifer tree species Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) are important elements in tree species composition and forest management of Central European forests, but their potential to thrive under anticipated climatic changes is still debated controversially. This study contributes a multivariate analysis of resilience components based on increment cores sampled at breast height of Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas fir trees growing along elevational gradients in Southwestern Germany. We aimed to gain novel insights into the species-specific and elevational response of tree growth and wood density variables during the extreme drought events of the years 2003 and 2018. Our results for Norway spruce corroborate projections of its ongoing decline during climate change as the reductions of wood density and biomass production indicated high drought sensitivity at all elevations. Moreover, resilience indices of mean tree-ring density, maximum latewood density, tree-ring width and biomass production were even lower after the drought of 2018 compared to the previous drought of 2003. Silver fir, a potential substitute tree species for Norway spruce, showed unexpected results with resistance and resilience indices being significantly lower in 2018 compared to 2003 indicating that silver fir might be more vulnerable to drought than previously expected, especially at low elevations. In contrast, the superior growth rates and higher levels of drought tolerance of Douglas fir were especially pronounced during the drought of 2018 and visible across the entire elevational gradient, even though high coning intensity was present for all investigated tree species as a possible confounding factor to exacerbate the drought stress effects in the study region.

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“…Here, a diamond blade that moved at a constant rotation speed along a circular track produced smooth surfaces by cutting small chips of the cell wall off the wood bars. Wassenberg et al [43] showed that the use of the single-point diamond fly cutter with air bearings for wood surface preparation was superior compared to the preparation with a core microtome and sanding with P600 grit.…”

Section: Density Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For HF densitometry, it is crucial that the surface preparation of the wood bars fulfills a high standard, ensuring that no air gaps at any point during measurement are present and that the probe has always full contact with the wood bar. Otherwise, the gap of air between the probe and the wood bar will lead to a decrease in the output voltage and therefore implies lower density [32,43].…”

Section: Density Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean Annual Wood Density Variations of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.), Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. at Two Different Stem Heights

Sprengel

Cheng

Hipler

et al. 2020

Forests

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Forests are a large carbon sink with an additional substitution effect in the merchantable timber compartment of harvested trees, where carbon stored within the same volume of wood varies depending on wood density. Here, we investigated mean annual air-dry wood density variations depending on cambial age, annual radial increment, and two different stem heights of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.), Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex. Ledeb., and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. from a first climatic region (Mulan Forest) and exclusively of P. tabulaeformis from a second climatic region (Zhongtiaoshan Forest) in the temperate zone of China. We applied linear mixed-effects models with partly transformed variables and estimated marginal means for pairwise comparisons. Results showed that mean wood density was not significantly different between L. gmelinii (0.626 g cm−3) and Q. mongolica (0.596 g cm−3), but significantly different between P. tabulaeformis from the two different climatic regions (0.445 g cm−3 in Mulan Forest and 0.521 g cm−3 in Zhongtiaoshan Forest). Mean annual wood density within trees except for P. tabulaeformis from Mulan Forest was initially increasing until an intermediate cambial age, after which it decreased again to lower values. These findings showed that tree age had to be considered in assessing carbon sequestration in wood. It also could play an important role in decision making for forest management in Mulan Forest and show the benefit of the wood properties and carbon storage potential of the faster growing L. gmelinii compared to Q. mongolica. Furthermore, these findings gave an indication that intermediate old forest stands for some tree species accumulated more carbon per year within their woody biomass than young stands or old growth forests. Our results may have an impact on the planning of rotation lengths and of tree species composition for forest stands in Mulan Forest and Zhongtiaoshan Forest.

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Technical aspects of applying high frequency densitometry: Probe-sample contact, sample surface preparation and integration width of different dielectric probes

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between tree-ring growth and aspect

Variability of European beech wood density as influenced by interactions between tree-ring growth and aspect

Multivariate drought stress response of Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas fir along elevational gradients in Southwestern Germany

Mean Annual Wood Density Variations of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.), Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. at Two Different Stem Heights

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