Technical Concepts for an Early Warning System for Rainfall Induced Landslides in Informal Settlements

Singer, John; Thuro, Kurosch; Gamperl, Moritz; Breuninger, Tamara; Menschik, Bettina

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60311-3_24

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The three drilling locations can be seen in Figure 3 . All drilling locations were chosen regarding the expected thickness of soil cover (at least 10 m) and their contribution to the early warning system with CSM cables, piezometers and inclinometers being installed after the drilling campaign [ 17 ]. A drilling depth of 30.4 m for A1, 30.3 m for A2 and 50.0 m for B1 could be achieved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Critical Geotechnical, Petrological and Mineralogical Parameters for Landslides in Deeply Weathered Dunite Rock (Medellín, Colombia)

Breuninger

Menschik

Demharter

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The current study site of the project Inform@Risk is located at a landslide prone area at the eastern slopes of the city of Medellín, Colombia, which are composed of the deeply weathered Medellín Dunite, an ultramafic Triassic rock. The dunite rock mass can be characterized by small-scale changes, which influence the landslide exposition to a major extent. Due to the main aim of the project, to establish a low-cost landslide early warning system (EWS) in this area, detailed field studies, drillings, laboratory and mineralogical tests were conducted. The results suggest that the dunite rock mass shows a high degree of serpentinization and is heavily weathered up to 50 m depth. The rock is permeated by pseudokarst, which was already found in other regions of this unit. Within the actual project, a hypothesis has for the first time been established, explaining the generation of the pseudokarst features caused by weathering and dissolution processes. These parameters result in a highly inhomogeneous rock mass and nearly no direct correlation of weathering with depth. In addition, the theory of a secondary, weathering serpentinization was established, explaining the solution weathering creating the pseudokarst structures. This contribution aims to emphasize the role of detailed geological data evaluation in the context of hazard analysis as an indispensable data basis for landslide early warning systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Critical Geotechnical, Petrological and Mineralogical Parameters for Landslides in Deeply Weathered Dunite Rock (Medellín, Colombia)

Breuninger

Menschik

Demharter

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…It is a consortium of German universities, research institutes, and small companies, together with Colombian universities, agencies, NGOs, and local communities. The project aims at a: (1) socially and (2) spatially integrated, (3) multi-scalar and (4) multi-sectoral LEWS, which at the same time provides (5) accurate measurements using (6) low-cost equipment, and whose technology and guidelines are (7) replicable and transferable to other similar areas [40][41][42]. To achieve this, the LEWS has been developed as a living lab, in which the stakeholders collaborate by sharing ideas and knowledge, thus contributing to and improving the system [43].…”

Section: Project Overview and Goals Of The Inform@risk Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the goals of the Inform@Risk project mentioned above, we designed a monitoring system that can be applied to slopes in inhabited areas with high landslide hazard, where however the exact location of a future landslide cannot be determined [42,48]. To be able to reliably detect critical landslides, the system needs to cover the complete high-hazard area with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Section: Project Overview and Goals Of The Inform@risk Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technical concepts and details of the monitoring system have previously published [42,48]. In this contribution, we report the installation and integration of this technical system into the public space and into the dynamics of the local community of the study site in Bello Oriente, Medellín.…”

Section: Project Overview and Goals Of The Inform@risk Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A measurement system was designed based on the requirements of the project (Section 1.3). The system has been described in detail before [42,48].…”

Section: Combination Of Measurement Systems For a Low-cost System: Cs...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recommendations for Landslide Early Warning Systems in Informal Settlements Based on a Case Study in Medellín, Colombia

Gamperl

Singer

Garcia-Londoño

et al. 2023

Land

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Fatalities from landslides are rising worldwide, especially in cities in mountainous regions, which often expand into the steep slopes surrounding them. For residents, often those living in poor neighborhoods and informal settlements, integrated landslide early warning systems (LEWS) can be a viable solution, if they are affordable and easily replicable. We developed a LEWS in Medellín, Colombia, which can be applied in such semi-urban situations. All the components of the LEWS, from hazard and risk assessment, to the monitoring system and the reaction capacity, were developed with and supported by all local stakeholders, including local authorities, agencies, NGO’s, and especially the local community, in order to build trust. It was well integrated into the social structure of the neighborhood, while still delivering precise and dense deformation and trigger measurements. A prototype was built and installed in a neighborhood in Medellín in 2022, comprising a dense network of line and point measurements and gateways. The first data from the measurement system are now available and allow us to define initial thresholds, while more data are being collected to allow for automatic early warning in the future. All the newly developed knowledge, from sensor hardware and software to installation manuals, has been compiled on a wiki-page, to facilitate replication by people in other parts of the world. According to our experience of the installation, we give recommendations for the implementation of LEWSs in similar areas, which can hopefully stimulate a lively exchange between researchers and other stakeholders who want to use, modify, and replicate our system.

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Internet of Things Geosensor Network for Cost-Effective Landslide Early Warning Systems

Gamperl

Singer

Thuro

2021

Sensors

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Worldwide, cities with mountainous areas struggle with an increasing landslide risk as a consequence of global warming and population growth, especially in low-income informal settlements. Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWS) are an effective measure to quickly reduce these risks until long-term risk mitigation measures can be realized. To date however, LEWS have only rarely been implemented in informal settlements due to their high costs and complex operation. Based on modern Internet of Things (IoT) technologies such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors and the LoRa (Long Range) communication protocol, the Inform@Risk research project is developing a cost-effective geosensor network specifically designed for use in a LEWS for informal settlements. It is currently being implemented in an informal settlement in the outskirts of Medellin, Colombia for the first time. The system, whose hardware and firmware is open source and can be replicated freely, consists of versatile LoRa sensor nodes which have a set of MEMS sensors (e.g., tilt sensor) on board and can be connected to various different sensors including a newly developed low cost subsurface sensor probe for the detection of ground movements and groundwater level measurements. Complemented with further innovative measurement systems such as the Continuous Shear Monitor (CSM) and a flexible data management and analysis system, the newly developed LEWS offers a good benefit-cost ratio and in the future can hopefully find application in other parts of the world.

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Technical Concepts for an Early Warning System for Rainfall Induced Landslides in Informal Settlements

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Investigation of Critical Geotechnical, Petrological and Mineralogical Parameters for Landslides in Deeply Weathered Dunite Rock (Medellín, Colombia)

Investigation of Critical Geotechnical, Petrological and Mineralogical Parameters for Landslides in Deeply Weathered Dunite Rock (Medellín, Colombia)

Recommendations for Landslide Early Warning Systems in Informal Settlements Based on a Case Study in Medellín, Colombia

Internet of Things Geosensor Network for Cost-Effective Landslide Early Warning Systems

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