Technical databook for geothermal energy utilization

Phillips, S.L.

doi:10.2172/6301274

Cited by 122 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Brine viscosity is obtained as in EWASG from a correlation presented by Phillips et al (1981), that reproduces experimental data in the temperature range from 10-350 ˚C for salinities up to 5 molal and pressures up to 500 bar within 2 %. No allowance is made for dependence of brine viscosity on the concentration of dissolved CO 2 .…”

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 89%

ECO2M: A TOUGH2 Fluid Property Module for Mixtures of Water, NaCl, and CO2, Including Super- and Sub-Critical Conditions, and Phase Change Between Liquid and Gaseous CO2

Pruess¹

2011

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ECO2M is a fluid property module for the TOUGH2 simulator (Version 2.0) that was designed for applications to geologic storage of CO 2 in saline aquifers. It includes a comprehensive description of the thermodynamics and thermophysical properties of H 2 O -NaCl -CO 2 mixtures, that reproduces fluid properties largely within experimental error for temperature, pressure and salinity conditions in the range of 10 ˚C ≤ T ≤ 110 ˚C, P ≤ 600 bar, and salinity from zero up to full halite saturation. The fluid property correlations used in ECO2M are identical to the earlier ECO2N fluid property package, but whereas ECO2N could represent only a single CO 2 -rich phase, ECO2M can describe all possible phase conditions for brine-CO 2 mixtures, including transitions between super-and sub-critical conditions, and phase change between liquid and gaseous CO 2 . This allows for seamless modeling of CO 2 storage and leakage.

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Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 89%

ECO2M: A TOUGH2 Fluid Property Module for Mixtures of Water, NaCl, and CO2, Including Super- and Sub-Critical Conditions, and Phase Change Between Liquid and Gaseous CO2

Pruess¹

2011

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“…We use approaches developed by Andersen et al (1992) and Phillips et al (1981), respectively. Brine density increases with halite concentration and with pressure, and decreases with temperature.…”

Section: Modeling Coupled Thm Processes and Brine Migration In Salt Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Coupled THM Processes and Brine Migration in Salt at High Temperatures

Rutqvist

Blanco-Martín

Molins

et al. 2015

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“…Thus, the effect on the viscosity is described using correlations developed by Phillips et al [1981] and by Mao and Duan [2009]. The effect on density is computed from an estimate of the critical brine saturation [Sourirayan and Kennedy, 1992] and one of the following available methods: Miller [1978] or Lorenz [2000].…”

Section: Salinity Effects On the Properties Of The Aqueous Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

User's Manual for the RealGasBrine v1.0 Option of TOUGH+ v1.5: A Code for the Simulation of System Behavior in Gas-Bearing Geologic Media

Moridis¹,

Freeman²

2014

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REALGASBRINE v1.0 is a numerical code that for the simulation of the behavior of gas-bearing porous and/fractured geologic media. It is an option of TOUGH+ v1.5 [Moridis, 2014], a successor to the TOUGH2 [Pruess et al., 1999] family of codes for multi-component, multiphase fluid and heat flow developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. REALGASBRINE v1.0 needs the TOUGH+ v1.5 core code in order to compile and execute. It is written in standard FORTRAN 95/2003, and can be run on any computational platform (workstation, PC, Macintosh) for which such compilers are available.REALGASBRINE v1.0 describes the non-isothermal two-(for pure water) or threephase (for brine) flow of an aqueous phase and a real gas mixture in a gas-bearing medium, with a particular focus in ultra-tight (such as tight-sand and shale gas) systems. Up to 12 individual real gases can be tracked, and salt can precipitate as solid halite. The capabilities of the code include coupled flow and thermal effects, real gas behavior, Darcy and non-Darcy flow, several isotherm options of gas sorption onto the grains of the porous media, complex fracture descriptions, gas solubility into water, and geomechanical effects on flow properties. REALGASBRINE v1.0 allows the study of flow and transport of fluids and heat over a wide range of time frames and spatial scales not only in gas reservoirs, but also in any problem involving the flow of gases in geologic media, including the geologic storage of greenhouse gas mixtures, the behavior of geothermal reservoirs with multi-component condensable (H 2 O and CO 2 ) and noncondensable gas mixtures, the transport of water and released H 2 in nuclear waste storage applications, etc. To a large part, the impetus for the development of the REALGASBRINE v1.0 application option was provided by the importance of ultra-tight natural gas reservoirs (such as shale gas reservoirs), production from which has virtually exploded over the last decade because of the advent of effective reservoir stimulation technologies. While the code has wide application to any problem involving the storage and flow of gases in geologic media, the linkage to tight gas reservoirs is obvious, as attested to by as some of the code features and capabilities (e.g., gas sorption and non-Darcy flows) that were introduced to address the particular needs of such reservoirs. Thus, the introduction cannot but address this subject. LIST OF TABLESThe ever-increasing energy demand, coupled with the advent and advances in reservoir stimulation technologies, has prompted an explosive growth in the development of unconventional gas resources in the U.S. during the last decade. Tight-sand and shale gas reservoirs are currently the main unconventional resources, upon which the bulk of 2 production activity is currently concentrating (Warlick, 2006 , 2011). Note that the bulk of the gas production from tight sands and shales has concentrated almost exclusively in North America (U.S. and Canada), and serious production elsewhere in the rest wo...

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Technical databook for geothermal energy utilization

Abstract: Basic Energy Sciences , Division o f Engineering, Mathematical and Geosciences, o f the U. S. Department o f Energy, under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. L i s t o f Tables and Figures Acknowledgment Objective and Scope o f Technical Databook

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

ECO2M: A TOUGH2 Fluid Property Module for Mixtures of Water, NaCl, and CO2, Including Super- and Sub-Critical Conditions, and Phase Change Between Liquid and Gaseous CO2

ECO2M: A TOUGH2 Fluid Property Module for Mixtures of Water, NaCl, and CO2, Including Super- and Sub-Critical Conditions, and Phase Change Between Liquid and Gaseous CO2

Modeling Coupled THM Processes and Brine Migration in Salt at High Temperatures

User's Manual for the RealGasBrine v1.0 Option of TOUGH+ v1.5: A Code for the Simulation of System Behavior in Gas-Bearing Geologic Media

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