Technical note: Comparative evaluation of 3 methods for the quantification of nonesterified fatty acids in bovine plasma sampled prepartum

Abuelo, Ãngel; Brester, Jill L.; Starken, Kathryn; Neuder, L.

doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17527

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As biomarker of inflammation, we determined the concentration of the positive acute phase protein Haptoglobin ( Hp ; Phase Haptoglobin Assay TP-801, Tridelta Development Limited, Maynooth, Ireland). All biomarkers related to nutrient utilization and inflammation were determined using a small-scale biochemistry analyzer (CataChemWell-T; Catachem Inc.) previously validated for cattle (Abuelo et al, 2020). The analyzer was calibrated every week using the assay manufacturer’s calibrators.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in biomarkers of metabolic stress during late gestation of dairy cows associated with colostrum volume and immunoglobulin content

Rossi

Cullens

Sanguesa

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The objective of this observational study was to compare the metabolic status of dairy cows during the last 6 wk of gestation based on colostrum volume and Ig content. For this, healthy Holstein cows were randomly selected from 3 commercial herds in Michigan. In each farm, four cohorts of 21 cows (one per season), stratified by parity, were enrolled (n=228). Cows were blood sampled weekly during the last 6 wk of gestation, and biomarkers related to nutrient utilization, oxidant status, and inflammation were quantified in serum. Cows were milked within 6 h of calving and the volume of colostrum produced was recorded and an aliquot collected. Concentration of IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Cows were grouped into high colostrum producer (HCP) or low (LCP), high IgG (HIG) or low (LIG), high IgA (HIA) or low (LIA), and high IgM (HIM) or low (LIM). For volume category, we arbitrarily defined 6 L of colostrum (4 L for first and 2 L for second feeding of calves) as the cut-off point, whereas for IgG we used the industry standard of ≥ 50g/L. To create groups of low and high IgM or IgA, we used the median of these Ig as the cutoff point. Colostrum volume was lowest in winter, but no differences were observed among parity groups. Conversely, colostrum IgG concentration was highest in fall and winter, but colostrum IgM was lowest at these seasons. However, colostrum Ig content only showed a negative weak correlation with volume (Spearman rho < -0.28). Compared to LCP, HCP cows had higher concentrations of antioxidant potential, BHB and lower cholesterol and oxidant status index. HIG cows showed higher concentrations of glucose compared to LIG. HIA cows had higher concentrations of cholesterol, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidant status index, and total protein, while BHB, and glucose were lower compared with LIA. Biomarkers of metabolic stress were not significantly different between HIM and LIM. Nevertheless, the differences observed did not result in differences in inflammatory status between animals in any of the colostrum variable categories analyzed, suggesting that physiological homeostasis was not disrupted during late gestation in association with the colostrum variables studied. Overall, the great variability observed in colostrum variables suggests that colostrogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process. However, our results suggest that greater availability of antioxidants during late gestation could support the production of higher volumes of colostrum, which needs to be explored in future trials.INTERPRETIVE SUMMARYChanges in biomarkers of metabolic stress during late gestation of dairy cows associated with colostrum volume and immunoglobulins content.By Rossi et al., page XXXX. We investigated associations between metabolic stress during the last 6 wk of gestation and the volume and immunoglobulin content of the colostrum produced. We observed that cows producing more than 6 L of colostrum exhibited increased metabolic activity during late gestation. Also, a greater blood antioxidant activity throughout late gestation was observed in cows with higher yields of colostrum, suggesting that greater availability of antioxidants might support the production of higher volumes of colostrum. Therefore, further studies should evaluate whether supplementation with additional antioxidants supplement during late gestation can improve colostrum yield.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in biomarkers of metabolic stress during late gestation of dairy cows associated with colostrum volume and immunoglobulin content

Rossi

Cullens

Sanguesa

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Plasma was removed and placed into 2-mL microcentrifuge tubes (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). All samples were refrigerated, and plasma NEFA concentration was determined within 24 h by Central Star Cooperative (Grand Ledge, MI) using a 96-well plate protocol validated for cattle (14). The test has a sensitivity (95%CI) of 88.9% (67.2-96.9%) and a specificity (95% CI) of 100.0% (97.1-100.0%) for the identification of excessive lipid mobilization pre-calving (14).…”

Section: Data Collection and Sample Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were refrigerated, and plasma NEFA concentration was determined within 24 h by Central Star Cooperative (Grand Ledge, MI) using a 96-well plate protocol validated for cattle (14). The test has a sensitivity (95%CI) of 88.9% (67.2-96.9%) and a specificity (95% CI) of 100.0% (97.1-100.0%) for the identification of excessive lipid mobilization pre-calving (14). A convenience sample size that included the results from all the cows sampled between September 2015 and March 2020 whose actual calving date was between 4 and 14 days [mean (SD) = 7.4 (2.1) days] after sampling (n = 1,532) were included in the study.…”

Section: Data Collection and Sample Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of maternal late-gestation lipid mobilization and their offspring's disease risk during the pre-weaned period and performance through first lactation: A cohort study in a dairy herd

Velasquez-Munoz

Schuurmans²,

Brester³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionExcessive maternal lipid mobilization in late gestation may impact the immune function of the newborn. However, the long-term effects remain unknown. The objective was to explore associations between excessive maternal lipid mobilization in the last 2 weeks of gestation with offspring health and performance.MethodsA retrospective study was performed including 1,511 calves (heifer = 692, bull = 819) born between 2015 and 2020 in one MI farm. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was measured from cows 7 to 14 d before calving. Calves were categorized in 2 groups based NEFA concentration: physiological lipid mobilization (PLM = 1,373; NEFA <0.3 mM) and excessive lipid mobilization (ELM = 138; NEFA ≥0.3 mM). Calf records were obtained from the herd's management software. Outcomes of interest were the hazard of pre-weaned digestive and respiratory disease, pre-weaned ADG, age at first breeding and calving, first lactation 305 d mature equivalent milk yield (305ME), and survival until first calving. Statistical models included dam NEFA category adjusted by year and season of birth, parity of the dam, and sex of the calf. Cox proportional analysis was used to determine the hazard of a pre-weaned health event, first breeding, and first calving. Linear regression was used to evaluate ADG and 305ME. The survival until first calving was analyzed with logistic regression.Results and discussionNo difference was detected in the hazard of diarrhea (HRPLM vs. ELM = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.82–1.38) and respiratory disease (HRPLM vs. ELM = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.79–2.10) by NEFA category in the pre-weaned period. Also, no difference was detected for the LSM (±SE) of pre-weaned ADG (PLM = 0.77±1.55, ELM = 0.72±2.76 kg/d). In heifers, the hazard for first breeding favored the PLM group (HRPLM vs. ELM = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.18–2.12), with a reduced median age at first breeding (PLM = 400 d, 95% CI = 397–402; ELM = 412 d, 95% CI = 404–421). However, NEFA category was not associated with the hazard of first calving (HRPLM vs. ELM = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.69–1.27), first lactation 305ME (PLM = 16,665±165 kg; ELM = 16,256±532), the odds of presenting at least 1 health event in the first lactation (ORPLM vs. ELM = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.41–1.49), or the odds of leaving the herd before first calving (ORPLM vs. ELM = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.56–2.02). Overall, dam ELM affected the hazard of first breeding but no other indicators of health or long-term performance. However, associations between maternal lipid mobilization and calf outcomes cannot be excluded, as the NEFA cut-off used has not been established as a predictor of offspring health and performance.

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“…Concentrations of NEFA and BHB are considered biomarkers for NEB during the periparturient period ( Abuelo et al, 2020 ) and their associations with disease incidence, milk production, and reproduction have been studied intensively ( Duffield et al, 2009 ; Ospina et al, 2010b ; Chapinal et al, 2011 ). For both biomarkers, critical thresholds have been determined for the prepartum and postpartum period ( McArt et al, 2013 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The quantification of NEFA concentration, however, still requires submission of serum or plasma to specialized laboratories, leading to delays and considerable costs ($11–17; McArt et al, 2013 ; Abuelo et al, 2020 ). Most recently, 2 studies evaluated devices that allowed NEFA measurements independent of diagnostic laboratories with promising results.…”

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Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care device to measure concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids in serum and whole blood

et al. 2023

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Graphical Abstract Summary: Our objective was to validate a cow-side meter to estimate blood nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Specifically, we evaluated whether NEFA concentrations can be measured in whole blood to omit the step of centrifugation on the farm. Therefore, we measured NEFA concentration in lithium heparinized whole blood and serum and compared results to NEFA measurements using the gold standard method. Results obtained from whole blood were comparable with results measured in serum. Using whole blood and thresholds of 0.3 and 0.4 mEq/L, the meter had a high specificity but a moderate sensitivity. Accuracy was high, however, when using 0.7 mEq/L as the threshold. Furthermore we evaluated the effect of ambient temperature on accuracy of the meter. Compared with measurements at an ambient temperature of 21°C, results were poorer at an ambient temperature of 15 and 6°C.

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Technical note: Comparative evaluation of 3 methods for the quantification of nonesterified fatty acids in bovine plasma sampled prepartum

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Changes in biomarkers of metabolic stress during late gestation of dairy cows associated with colostrum volume and immunoglobulin content

Changes in biomarkers of metabolic stress during late gestation of dairy cows associated with colostrum volume and immunoglobulin content

Association of maternal late-gestation lipid mobilization and their offspring's disease risk during the pre-weaned period and performance through first lactation: A cohort study in a dairy herd

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care device to measure concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids in serum and whole blood

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