Technical note: using calcium carbonate as an osmolar control treatment for acid-base studies in horses.

Frey, L. P.; Kline, Kevin; Foreman, J. H.; Lyman, Joseph T.

doi:10.2527/2001.7971858x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, CaCO 3 does not significantly changes the blood acid–base balance under normal physiological conditions. 46 So, compared with sodium bicarbonate, CaCO 3 is relatively safe. Novel biomaterials treatment for COVID‐19 has the potential new strategies and opportunities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoantidote for repression of acidosis pH promoting COVID‐19 infection

Liu

Ruan

Sheng

et al. 2022

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Acidosis, such as respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis, can be induced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and is associated with increased mortality in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. It remains unclear whether acidosis further promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients, making virus removal difficult. For antacid therapy, sodium bicarbonate poses great risks caused by sodium overload, bicarbonate side effects, and hypocalcemia. Therefore, new antacid antidote is urgently needed. Our study showed that an acidosis‐related pH of 6.8 increases SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression on the cell membrane by regulating intracellular microfilament polymerization, promoting SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection. Based on this, we synthesized polyglutamic acid‐PEG materials, used complexation of calcium ions and carboxyl groups to form the core, and adopted biomineralization methods to form a calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3‐NPs) nanoantidote to neutralize excess hydrogen ions (H+), and restored the pH from 6.8 to approximately 7.4 (normal blood pH). CaCO3‐NPs effectively prevented the heightened SARS‐CoV‐2 infection efficiency due to pH 6.8. Our study reveals that acidosis‐related pH promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which suggests the existence of a positive feedback loop in which SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced acidosis enhances SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Therefore, antacid therapy for acidosis COVID‐19 patients is necessary. CaCO3‐NPs may become an effective antacid nanoantidote superior to sodium bicarbonate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoantidote for repression of acidosis pH promoting COVID‐19 infection

Liu

Ruan

Sheng

et al. 2022

VIEW

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“…In a previous in vitro Ussing chamber study, calcium carbonate reversed the damaging effects of hydrochloric and volatile fatty acids on sodium transport in the NG mucosa of horses (Nadeau et al 2003a,b). Contrary to sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate does not perturb the acid-base status when given orally to horses (Frey et al 2001). In addition, one of the authors (F.M.A.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Contrary to sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate does not perturb the acid‐base status when given orally to horses (Frey et al . ). In addition, one of the authors (F.M.A.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of a pelleted supplement fed during and after omeprazole treatment on nonglandular gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH in horses

Andrews

Camacho‐Luna

Loftin

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Gastric ulcers are common in horses. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a commercially available supplement, SmartGut® Ultra pellets (SmGU) on gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH after omeprazole treatment in stall‐confined horses. Eight Thoroughbred horses were studied in a 2‐period, 2‐treatment crossover design, where the SmGU (40 g, twice daily) was mixed in grain feed. Horses were stall‐confined and treated with the supplement or control for 6 weeks, consisting of 2 weeks (Days 1–14) omeprazole treatment, 2 weeks (Days 14–28) following discontinuation of omeprazole treatment, one week (Days 28–35) alternating feed deprivation to induce or worsen existing ulcers and a one week (Days 35–42) recovery period. Gastroscopy was performed and gastric juice pH measured on Days 0, 14, 28, 35 and 42. Gastric ulcer lesion number (NGN) and severity (NGS) scores were assigned to each horse by an investigator (F.M.A.) masked to treatment. On Day 0 before treatment, mean NGN and NGS scores and gastric juice pH were not different (P>0.05) between treatment groups. By Day 14, mean NGN and NGS scores decreased (P<0.05) in both treatment groups. By Days 28 and 35, mean NGN score significantly increased in the untreated control horses but not the SmGU‐treated horses. By Day 42, mean NGN and NGS scores were not different in either group and were significantly lower than Day 0. Mean gastric juice pH was higher in both groups on Day 14 as a result of omeprazole treatment when compared with other days. SmartGut® Ultra supplement added to the feed prevented the worsening of gastric ulcer number 2 weeks after omeprazole treatment, without altering the gastric juice pH. Supplementation with SmGU might aid in protection of the nonglandular stomach from recurrence of ulcers after omeprazole treatment in stall‐confined horses undergoing intermittent feeding.

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Frape¹

2004

Equine Nutrition and Feeding

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Technical note: using calcium carbonate as an osmolar control treatment for acid-base studies in horses.

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Nanoantidote for repression of acidosis pH promoting COVID‐19 infection

Nanoantidote for repression of acidosis pH promoting COVID‐19 infection

Effect of a pelleted supplement fed during and after omeprazole treatment on nonglandular gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH in horses

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