Technical photosynthesis involving CO2 electrolysis and fermentation

Haas, Thomas; Krause, Ralf; Weber, Rainer; Demler, Martin; Schmid, G.

doi:10.1038/s41929-017-0005-1

Cited by 525 publications

(503 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Consequently, the academic community has given much attention to improve the electrocatalyst. Today electrocatalysts exist that are active and selective enough to attain this current density of 200 mA/cm 2 when converting CO 2 to CO . However, at these commercially relevant current densities, important aspects of the reaction environment are often overlooked, such as CO 2 depletion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

et al. 2019

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The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a promising technology in light of energy transition and industrial electrification. In this study, two different electrolyzer configurations, flow‐through and flow‐by modes, were analyzed for the production of carbon monoxide to resolve the CO2 mass‐transfer limitation problem at high current densities in gas diffusion electrodes. These two configurations respectively state convective and diffusive flow inside the gas diffusion layer, and their effect was studied on the cathodic performance of the electrolyzer by varying the operating conditions: cathodic potential, electrocatalyst loading, and Nafion content. In flow‐through configuration, a current density of 220 mA/cm2 could be achieved at a faradaic efficiency of 90 %; whereas, in the flow‐by configuration, the current density was at the same faradaic efficiency limited to 140 mA/cm2. However, the flow‐through configuration has a few limitations, such as lower energy efficiency, owing to the higher ohmic drop and the faster deactivation caused by crystallization of electrolyte salts inside the gas diffusion electrode. Therefore, flow‐by mode is currently the most adequate configuration for the long‐term operation of electrolyzers for the reduction of CO2 to CO. This study represents an essential step toward the application of electrolyzers for the electroreduction of CO2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different membrane types have been reported in literature as suitable membrane for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 , such as cation exchange membranes (CEM), generally Nafion, , anion exchange membranes, bipolar membranes and diaphragms . Nafion, is a thoroughly studied stable membrane with high ionic conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

et al. 2019

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“…Over the fresh catalyst, the conversion of CO 2 in 6 days was 11.5 %, and the selectivity for higher hydrocarbons and alcohols were 55.5 % and 14.9 %, respectively. When CCMC over RuÀPt/Fe 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 and 1.6, respectively, while those in propanol and butanol produced in non-labeled water were less than 0.1 (Supporting Information Figure S2). It was reported that CO insertion into a metal-alkyl bond, followed by reduction of the formed intermediates with H 2 over some catalysts at high temperatures, could lead to the formation of C 2 + alcohols in the conversion of CO 2 , [20,22,30] and the alkyl could form through the hydrogenation of CO followed by carbon-carbon coupling.…”

Section: Catalytic Conversion Of Co 2 To Value-added Products Under Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The development of new catalytic systems capable of realizing the conversion of CO 2 to multi-carbon products (hydrocarbons or alcohols) at low or even ambient temperature is an attractive subject because such systems will not only provide high value products by consuming CO 2 , but also avoid over-emission of CO 2 in the conversion process. 3) and higher hydrocarbons from CO 2 and H 2 under low or even ambient temperature are realized for the first time over a prepared bimetallic catalyst composed of nanoparticles of Pt and Ru supported on Fe 3 O 4 (RuÀPt/Fe 3 O 4 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of CO₂ to Value‐Added Products under Mild Conditions

Huang

Wang

2018

ChemCatChem

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The catalytic synthesis of multi-carbon alcohols (MCA, C n H 2n + 1 OH, n ! 3) and higher hydrocarbons from CO 2 and H 2 under low or even ambient temperature are realized for the first time over a prepared bimetallic catalyst composed of nanoparticles of Pt and Ru supported on Fe 3 O 4 (RuÀPt/Fe 3 O 4 ). At 40 8C, the selectivity for alcohols, MCA, and higher hydrocarbons reached 77.1 %, 4.5 %, and 19.5 %, respectively, while that for methane was only 3.4 % (carbon based). As revealed by isotope tracer experiments using O 18 labeled water, in the hydrogenation of CO 2 over RuÀPt/Fe 3 O 4 , MCA could form by catalytic hydrolysis of alkyl, a novel reaction pathway enabling the formation of MCA at low temperature, which is different from the previously reported one based on CO insertion at high temperature. It was discovered that in RuÀPt/Fe 3 O 4 , both Ru and Pt nanoparticles played catalytic roles in the reduction of CO 2 to CH x species and the carbon-carbon coupling reaction to form alkyl, while the catalytic hydrolysis of formed long-chain alkyl occurred on Pt nanoparticles. CO 2 is a cheap, nontoxic, and abundant carbon source. The rising concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere has been causing serious problems such as the greenhouse effect and ocean acidification. Therefore, the conversion of surplus CO 2 to hydrocarbon or oxygenated hydrocarbon is a significant subject. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The development of new catalytic systems capable of realizing the conversion of CO 2 to multi-carbon products (hydrocarbons or alcohols) at low or even ambient temperature is an attractive subject because such systems will not only provide high value products by consuming CO 2 , but also avoid over-emission of CO 2 in the conversion process. MCA with 3-8 carbon atoms are not only liquid fuels but also widely used as fine chemicals or solvents in producing pharmaceuticals, polymers, surfactants, detergents, paints, and printing inks. [14][15][16] The conversion of CO 2 and H 2 to multi-carbon compounds (CCMC) should be an ideal CO 2 conversion route, and H 2 can be manufactured in a large scale from renewable energy sources, including solar energy, hydropower and biomass.Pioneering efforts have been made to create catalytic systems for the conversion of CO 2 to multi-carbon compounds. It was reported that higher hydrocarbons could be synthesized from CO 2 and H 2 at high temperature over some heterogeneous catalysts. Song reported a FeÀCo bimetallic catalyst which could catalyze the reaction of CO 2 with H 2 to produce higher hydrocarbons with a selectivity of 69 % and a small amount of MCA at 300 8C. [17] Recently, Ge and Sun prepared an efficient catalyst Na-Fe 3 O 4 /HZSM-5 which can catalyze hydrogenation of CO 2 to produce hydrocarbons containing 78 % of gasoline-range (C 5 -C 11 ) ones at a CO 2 conversion of 22 % at 320 8C. [18] Sun et al. reported that a bifunctional catalyst composed of indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) and zeolites could catalyze the reaction of CO 2 with H 2 to produce gasoline-r...

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“…Environmental friendly photocatalyst with novel properties that can enhance the process efficiency, have been the interest of researchers. Several semiconductors such as zirconium oxide [14], gallium oxide [15], magnesium oxide [16], zinc sulfides [17], cadmium sulfides [18], bismuth sulfide [19], graphitic carbon nitride [20] and titanium oxide (TiO2) [21] have been employed as photocatalyst. Among all, TiO2 has been the widely reported photocatalyst because of its unique properties, high stability, availability and non-toxicity [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide as An Efficient Photocatalyst For Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Into Solar Fuel

Shehzad¹,

Johari²,

Murugesan³

et al. 2018

INT. J. AUTOMOT. MECH. ENG.

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Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into solar fuel such as methane and methanol, is an attractive approach to simultaneously solve the energy crisis and global warming problem. Herein, comparative photocatalytic activity of graphene oxide nanosheets have been investigated for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into methane and methanol in continuous gas and liquid phase photoreactor system. The graphene oxide sheets were prepared according to Tour's method. The chemical composition and optical properties was evaluated through XPS and UV-vis spectroscopy. Graphene oxide nanosheets exhibited maximum amount of 224.87 μmol/g.h methanol and 14.8 μmol/g.h methane in liquid and gas phase system, respectively. Higher yield of methanol in liquid phase compared to methane in gaseous system can be attributed to dispersion of graphene oxide sheets in water. Hence, graphene oxide nanosheets are efficient photocatalyst for CO2 reduction into methanol. Nevertheless, further research is essential to improve the photostability of graphene oxide sheets for real application of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

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Technical photosynthesis involving CO2 electrolysis and fermentation

Cited by 525 publications

References 52 publications

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Catalytic Conversion of CO₂ to Value‐Added Products under Mild Conditions

Graphene Oxide as An Efficient Photocatalyst For Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Into Solar Fuel

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Technical photosynthesis involving CO2 electrolysis and fermentation

Cited by 525 publications

References 52 publications

Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: Effect of Convective CO2 Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: Effect of Convective CO2 Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Value‐Added Products under Mild Conditions

Graphene Oxide as An Efficient Photocatalyst For Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Into Solar Fuel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: Effect of Convective CO₂ Supply in Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Catalytic Conversion of CO₂ to Value‐Added Products under Mild Conditions