Technical set‐up and radiation exposure for standing computed tomography of the equine head

Dakin, Stephanie G.; Lam, Richard; Rees, Elliott; Mumby, C.; West, C.; Weller, R.

doi:10.1111/eve.12127

Cited by 40 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Equids were presented with the following clinical complaints and/or indications: uni- or bilateral nasal discharge (40), quidding/masticatory problems [9], head shaking [7], dental pathology identified during oral exam [4], trauma or congenital skull deformation [4], facial swelling [4], fistulation [3], cranial nerve deficit [2] and ataxia [2]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positioning of the head in the gantry and restraint of the horse were comparable to conventional helical CT scanners [9, 19, 20]. Compliance with the examination procedure was good in the vast majority of equids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All horses in this study were sedated with detomidine only. This is contrasting wit other studies where a combination with opioids (specifically butorphanol) in addition to acepromazine half an hour before examination were used [9, 20]. The choice of using detomidine alone was based on clinical experience and advice of another clinical setting using the same protocol [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While different technical set-up’s using conventional helical CT units in the standing horse have been described, two distinct techniques in principle are established; either with a sliding gantry that passes over the fixed head of the equid, or with a stationary gantry through which the head is moved at a constant speed by placing the equid on a platform that is suspended by air castors [9]. More recently, CT scanners using cone beam technology have been introduced to the equine market (Pegaso™, Epica Medical Innovations, San Clemente, USA; Equimagine™, Equine 4DDI, Universal Medical Systems, Solon, USA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cone-beam computed tomography of the head in standing equids

et al. 2019

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Background Computed tomography in standing horses has revolutionized diagnostic imaging. The O-arm®, a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner with a gantry opening of 96.5 cm is routinely used for image-guided spine and neurosurgery in humans. The aim of this study is to describe the set-up and first experiences using the O-arm® to achieve CBCT imaging of the head in standing horses. CT imaging of the predefined region of interest (ROI) was tested on 2 cadaveric heads, concentrating on centering issues within the gantry, as well as determining the number of scans needed per ROI. All horses presented with head-related diseases and subjected to a CBCT examination between February 2015 and November 2016 for CBCT were included. Per scan, a limited field of view, i.e. a cylindrical volume of 21 cm in diameter and 16 cm in height was acquired within 13 s. Depending on the dimensions of the ROI, the minimum number of scans could range from one to six, if the entire equine head is to be examined in an adult horse. Results Sixty-eight horses were included, five of which had a follow-up CBCT exam, and two of which were presented twice for two different indications (75 clinical cases). A total number of 449 acquired three-dimensional (3D) scans were recorded for these 75 cases. Two-hundred and forty-two 3D scans (54%) were considered as diagnostic quality. The imaging procedure was generally well tolerated by the sedated, standing equid, and diagnostic studies were performed in 73 out of 75 cases (97.3%). Motion artefacts and inadequate centering of the ROI were the most common reasons for non-diagnostic quality images and repeat scans of the same ROI. Conclusions CBCT is a valuable imaging modality for the equine head. Advantages of the O-arm® compared to a conventional multi-slice helical CT for imaging of the head in standing equids include the rapid image acquisition, the gantry’s mobility in all dimensions, and the free movability of the entire imaging unit. Disadvantages include the considerable sensitivity to motion artefact, increased scatter, low soft tissue contrast and the limited dimensions of the field of view.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cone-beam computed tomography of the head in standing equids

et al. 2019

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“…Standing CT systems are useful as they are done without general anaesthesia [113] and may drive use in future contrast-enhanced CT applications. With description of ultrasound-guided centesis of CSF in standing horses [114] and updated CT technology, standing CT myelography is a potential future application.…”

Section: Techniques/usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

Nelson

Goodrich

Barrett

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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The use of contrast media in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing in horses. These contrast-enhanced imaging techniques provide improved tissue delineation and evaluation, thereby expanding diagnostic capabilities. While generally considered safe, not all contrast media exhibit the same safety profiles. The safety of contrast media use and descriptions of adverse events occurring in horses are sparsely reported. This review summarises the reported evidence of contrast media use and adverse events that occur in horses, with added contribution from other veterinary species and studies in man for comparison. This comprehensive data set empowers equine clinicians to develop use and monitoring strategies when working with contrast media. Finally, it summarises the current state-of-the-art and highlights the potential applications of contrast-enhanced CT and MRI for assessment of diseased or injured equine tissues, as well as (patho)physiological processes.

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Advanced ophthalmic imaging in the horse

Ledbetter¹,

Hatten²

2016

Equine Ophthalmology

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Technical set‐up and radiation exposure for standing computed tomography of the equine head

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

Cone-beam computed tomography of the head in standing equids

Cone-beam computed tomography of the head in standing equids

Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

Advanced ophthalmic imaging in the horse

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