Technico-economic potentialities of hydrogen utilization for steel production

Astier, J.; Krug, J.C.; Pressigny, Y. de Lassat de

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(82)90192-6

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hydrogen is typically used in the refining of base metals [124]. Though the implementation of hydrogen in the reduction of metal oxides is many years from maturing, the use thereof in Fe-ore (ores comprising mainly of Fe-oxides) smelting and the steel industry has advanced significantly in many developed countries [125][126][127][128][129][130][131]. Additionally, hydrogen has shown potential as a pre-reductant in the ferromanganese industry, metalizing Fe-oxides, reducing higher Mn-oxides to lower oxidation states [132][133][134][135][136], and having an effect on the reaction rates and mechanisms during Si processing [137,138].…”

Section: Hydrogen As a Reductantmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Currently Applied Ferrochrome Production Processes and Their Waste Management Practices

du Preez,

van Kaam,

Ringdalen

et al. 2023

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ferrochrome (FeCr) is the main source of virgin chromium (Cr) units used in modern-day chromium (Cr) containing alloys. The vast majority of produced Cr is used during the production of stainless steel, which owes its corrosion resistance mainly to the presence of Cr. In turn, stainless steel is mainly produced from Cr-containing scrap metal and FeCr, which is a relatively crude alloy between iron (Fe) and Cr. The production of FeCr is an energy and material-intensive process, and a relatively wide variety of by-products, typically classified as waste materials by the FeCr industry, are created during FeCr production. The type and extent of waste generation are dictated by the smelting route used and the management practices thereof employed by a specific smelter. In some cases, waste management of hazardous and non-hazardous materials may be classified as insufficient. Hazardous materials, such as hexavalent Cr, i.e., Cr(VI), -containing wastes, are only partially mitigated. Additionally, energy-containing wastes, such as carbon monoxide (CO)-rich off-gas, are typically discarded, and energy-invested materials, such as fine oxidative sintered chromite, are either stockpiled or sold as ordinary chromite. In cases where low-value containing wastes are generated, such as rejects from ore beneficiation processes, consistent and efficient processes are either difficult to employ or the return on investment of such processes is not economically viable. More so, the development of less carbon (C)-intensive (e.g., partial replacement of C reductants) and low-temperature pellet curing processes are currently not considered by the South African FeCr smelting industry. The reasoning for this is mainly due to increased operation costs (if improved waste management were to be implemented/higher cost reductants were used) and a lack of research initiatives. These reasons result in the stagnation of technologies. From an environmental point of view, smelting industries are pressured to reduce C emissions. An attractive approach for removing oxygen from the target metal oxides, and the mitigation of gaseous C, is by using hydrogen as a reductant. By doing so, water vapor is the only by-product. It is however expected that stable metal oxides, such as the Cr-oxide present in chromite, will be significantly more resistive to gaseous hydrogen-based reduction when compared to Fe-oxides. In this review, the various processes currently used by the South African FeCr industry are summarized in detail, and the waste materials per process step are identified. The limitations of current waste management regimes and possible alternative routes are discussed where applicable. Various management regimes are identified that could be improved, i.e., by utilizing the energy associated with CO-rich off-gas combustion, employing a low-temperature alternative chromite pelletization process, and considering the potential of hydrogen as a chromite reductant. These identified regimes are discussed in further detail, and alterative processes/approaches to waste management are proposed.

show abstract

Section: Hydrogen As a Reductantmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Currently Applied Ferrochrome Production Processes and Their Waste Management Practices

du Preez,

van Kaam,

Ringdalen

et al. 2023

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The second strand shifts focus on evaluating the techno-economic feasibility on a system level, which involves an analysis that integrates technical performance with economic viability, assessing the financial aspects of hydrogen utilization to produce steel along the proposed route [24], [25].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Period Optimization of Hydrogen-Based Steelmaking System: A Rolling-Horizon Approach

Sheng,

Wang,

Si1

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Under the "Dual-Carbon" targets, hydrogen production powered by renewable energy and hydrogen direct reduction offer approaches to integrating a high proportion of renewable energy and catalyzing the steel industry's transition towards a low-carbon footprint. The hydrogen-based steelmaking system (HBSS) presents a multi-energy interaction, encompassing processes from hydrogen production and ironmaking to the final steelmaking processes. Additionally, the high investment and operational expenses necessitate that decisionmakers prioritize enhancing the system's economic efficiency to ensure its long-term viability and effectiveness. In this study, we first introduced a multiperiod optimization model for HBSS, aiming to reduce the levelized cost of steel (LCOS) from both the investment and operational aspects. Then, the rollinghorizon approach has been used to overcome computational infeasibility for large mixed-integer linear programming problems by solving the problem periodically, including additional information from proximately following periods. We further compared it with the single-period and forward-looking approaches, indicating that the optimal result of LCOS varied from $406 to $520 for the different approaches. It proves that the rolling-horizon approach can lead to an economicsbetter solution than the single-period approach and is only a few percent away from the forward-looking approach.

show abstract

“…And only rough analysis of hydrogen steelmaking process flow sheet was published. 12,13) NHPRS system has never analyzed before the research of Green Energy Steelmaking Research Group, a research group of ISIJ (Iron and Steel Institute of Japan) during 2008-2012. The analysis should include transportation of resources to evaluate the influence of HPR.…”

Section: Calculation Of Heat Demand Co2 Emissions Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Sheet Model Evaluation of Nuclear Hydrogen Steelmaking Processes with VHTR-IS (Very High Temperature Reactor and Iodine-sulfur Process)

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nuclear hydrogen steelmaking (NHS) and nuclear hydrogen partial reduction steelmaking (NHPRS) systems were proposed using very high temperature reactor, and thermochemical hydrogen production iodine-sulfur process. Heat input and CO2 emissions of these systems were analyzed by heat and mass balance calculation. Total net heat input to the NHS system was 28.4 GJ/t-high quality steel (HQS), including material production, material transportation, and power generation. This value was much larger than that of a blast furnace steelmaking (BFS) system of 17.6 GJ/t-HQS. Reduction of hydrogen consumption in the shaft furnace and electricity consumption in the electric arc furnace were desired for lowering the heat input. Total net heat input of a NHPRS system was 31.9 GJ/t-HQS. Optimization of operation parameters such as the reduction ratio of partial reduced ore (PRO) and ratio of the PRO input to the blast furnace is desired to decrease the heat input. CO2 emissions of the NHS system and the NHPRS system were 9% and 50% of that from the BFS system. Substitution of coal by hydrogen and reduction of transportation weight contributed to the reduction. Steelmaking cost was also evaluated. When steelmaking scale of each system was unified to one million t-HQS/y, NHS was economically competitive to BFS and Midrex steelmaking. And NHS was advantageous at higher cost of resources.

show abstract

Technico-economic potentialities of hydrogen utilization for steel production

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

An Overview of Currently Applied Ferrochrome Production Processes and Their Waste Management Practices

An Overview of Currently Applied Ferrochrome Production Processes and Their Waste Management Practices

Multi-Period Optimization of Hydrogen-Based Steelmaking System: A Rolling-Horizon Approach

Flow Sheet Model Evaluation of Nuclear Hydrogen Steelmaking Processes with VHTR-IS (Very High Temperature Reactor and Iodine-sulfur Process)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About