Technique for washing nectar from the flowers of Tasmanian leatherwood (<i>Eucryphia lucida</i> Eucryphiaceae)

Mallick, Stephen A.

doi:10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01010.x

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The nectar was removed every four hours, during the day only (at 06.00 h, 10.00 h, 14.00 h and 18.00 h) for two consecutive days. Nectar was collected using Mallick's (2000) washing technique. The microclimatic condition of the study area (≤ 20% RH and mean daytime temperatures of 30 -45 o C) resulted in rapid evaporation, making the nectar very concentrated and viscous (> 72% sugar, g sugar/100 g solution), and leading to rapid crystallization on the surface of the flowers.…”

Section: Repeated Nectar Removal and Measurement Of Nectar Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nectar of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd (Rhamnaceae): Dynamics of Secretion and Potential for Honey Production

Adgaba

Awad

Al-Ghamdi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Apicultural Science

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The nectar secretion of Ziziphus flowers was studied by removing and measuring the nectar every four hours, for two consecutive days, from 88 flowers of four trees (‘repeated sampling’). In another 120 flowers from the same trees, the accumulated sugar was measured at the end of the flowering stage. The mass of the nectar sugar was determined following the washing technique. The total amount of sugar per tree was calculated by multiplying the number of flowers per tree by the average mass of nectar sugar secreted per flower. The average mass of sugar produced per flower in repeated sampling was 0.79±0.54 mg/flower (range 0.09 - 2.48 mg). The average mass of sugar per flower for each of the four investigated trees was 1.43±0.53 mg, 0.72±0.27 mg, 0.94±0.39 mg and 0.37±0.26 mg, respectively. The differences among trees was statistically significant. For accumulated nectar, the overall average mass of sugar per flower was 0.55±0.23 mg (range 0.06 - 1.29 mg) and the average values for flowers on the investigated trees of Z. spina-christi were 0.69±0.26 mg, 0.41±0.16 mg, 0.51±0.16 mg and 0.53±0.21 mg; these variations were statistically significant. The average mass of nectar sugar calculated for the flowers with accumulated nectar sampling was significantly lower than the average mass of sugar recorded for repeated nectar sugar samplings (0.79±0.54 mg). According to this study, one Ziziphus tree is estimated to produce 3.6 kg of honey (range 2.2 - 5.2 kg), equivalent to about 900 kg of honey/ha (range 550 - 1300 kg). These figures indicate the high potential value of the plant for honey production. Nectar secretion was positively correlated with temperature, indicating the adaptation of the tree to hot climates.

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Section: Repeated Nectar Removal and Measurement Of Nectar Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nectar of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd (Rhamnaceae): Dynamics of Secretion and Potential for Honey Production

Adgaba

Awad

Al-Ghamdi³

et al. 2012

Journal of Apicultural Science

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“…Pouring a known volume of distilled water over the nectaries of a flower. The collected nectar-water solution can be used for analysis Low-high Nunez (1977), Mallick (2000), Morrant et al (2009)…”

Section: Rinsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suction of raw nectar up a syringe or narrow tube, manually or with the aid of a pipette. Nectar volume can be quantified and analysed by expelling the nectar from the tube/syringe High Corbet (2003), Lanza, Smith, Suellen, and Cash (1995), Mallick (2000), Wykes (1952)…”

Section: Micropipettes and Microsyringesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of nectar from low‐volume flowers: A comparison of collection methods for free amino acids

et al. 2017

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Floral nectar is a reward offered by flowering plants to visiting pollinators. Nectar chemistry is important for understanding plant nutrient allocation and plant–pollinator interactions. However, many plant species are difficult to sample as their flowers are small and produce low amounts of nectar.We compared the effects of different methods of nectar collection on the amino acid composition of flowers with low volumes of nectar. We used five methods to collect nectar from 60 (5 × 12) Calluna vulgaris flowers: microcapillary tubes, a low‐volume flower rinse (the micro‐rinse method, using 2 μl water), filter paper, a high‐volume flower rinse (2 ml water) and a flower wash (2 ml water). We analysed the samples for free amino acids using quantitative UHPLC methods .We found that the micro‐rinse method (rinsing the nectary with enough water to only cover the nectary) recovered amino acid proportions similar to raw nectar extracted using microcapillary tubes. The filter paper, 2 ml rinse and 2 ml wash methods measured significantly higher values of free amino acids and also altered the profile of amino acids. We discuss our concerns about the increased contamination risk of the filter paper and high‐volume rinse and wash samples from dried nectar across the floral tissue (nectar unavailable to floral visitors), pollen, vascular fluid and cellular fluid.Our study will enable researchers to make informed decisions about nectar collection methods depending on their intended chemical analysis. These methods of sampling will enable researchers to examine a larger array of plant species' flowers to include those with low volumes of nectar.

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“…Mais cette méthode fournit un nectar artificiellement dilué et elle n'est pas exempte de modifier la composition chimique du nectar par lésion des tissus de la fleur (Mesquida et al, 1988). Des méthodes de lavage et de rinçage des fleurs avec de l'eau distillée ont été proposées pour échantillonner le nectar des fleurs contenant des petits volumes de nectar inférieurs à 1 mL qui sont difficiles à échantillonner (Mallick, 2000 ;Morrant et al, 2009). Ces méthodes permettent d'échantillonner plus de nectar que celle utilisant les microcapillaires dans ce type de fleur, mais la question de savoir laquelle de ces méthodes reflète le plus fidèlement la quantité de nectar pouvant être effectivement extraite par les insectes floricoles lors de leur visite reste posée (Petit et al, 2011).…”

Section: Mesurer La Sécrétion Nectarifèreunclassified

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

Chabert¹,

Lemoine²,

Fronteau³

et al. 2017

OCL

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Reçu le 5 octobre 2017 -Accepté le 7 novembre 2017Résumé -Au cours de l'histoire évolutive des plantes à fleurs, l'apparition des nectaires floraux a permis de substituer le pollen par du nectar pour attirer les animaux pollinisateurs, permettant de diminuer les coûts de la pollinisation animale liés à la consommation du pollen. Dans les productions de semence hybride des cultures entomophiles, connaître le niveau de sécrétion nectarifère des lignées en présence, mâle fertile (MF) et mâle stérile (MS), est important si l'on souhaite maximiser les transferts de pollen entre les deux. Dans cet article, nous faisons tout d'abord une revue des méthodes qui existent pour mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère, puis retenons celle qui mesure un taux de sécrétion brut, qui permet d'exprimer une vitesse de sécrétion, pour l'utiliser sur deux lignées de colza d'hiver (Brassica napus L.), la variété hybride F1 Exocet MF et son parent MS. Nous montrons que la sécrétion nectarifère du colza est constante sur un intervalle de temps de 6-8 heures durant les heures du jour, que cette sécrétion admet une température optimale se situant entre 20°C et 30°C, et qu'elle est autour de deux fois moindre chez le parent MS par rapport à la lignée F1. Ces résultats permettent de proposer une méthode de mesure rigoureuse pour comparer la sécrétion nectarifère entre lignées ou variétés. Nous concluons sur les principales autres variables dont il faudrait tenir compte pour notamment pouvoir estimer la quantité totale de nectar sécrétée par une surface donnée de culture.Mots clés : méthode / sécrétion nectarifère / colza / semence hybride / température Abstract -Measuring nectar secretion: the example of an F1 hybrid and its male sterile parent in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). During the evolutionary history of flowering plants, the appearance of floral nectaries allowed the replacement of pollen by nectar to attract pollinators, allowing lower costs involved in animal pollination by reducing the consumption of pollen. In the hybrid seed productions of entomophilous crops, knowing the levels of nectar secretion of the different lines, the male fertile (MF) and the male sterile (MS) ones, is important to maximize pollen transfers between them. In this study, we start with a review of current methods used to measure nectar secretion, and choose the one that provides a gross secretion rate in order to use it on two winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) lines, the hybrid F1 'Exocet' and its MS parent. We show that oilseed rape has a gross nectar secretion rate that is constant over a period of 6-8 hours during daylight hours, that it has a thermal optimum included between 20°C and 30°C, and that the parental MS line secretes about half as much as the hybrid F1 one. These results enable us to propose a rigorous method to compare nectar secretions between lines and varieties. We conclude with the main other variables that should be taken into account to estimate the total amount of nectar produced by a given area of crop.

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Technique for washing nectar from the flowers of Tasmanian leatherwood (Eucryphia lucida Eucryphiaceae)

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Nectar of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd (Rhamnaceae): Dynamics of Secretion and Potential for Honey Production

Nectar of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd (Rhamnaceae): Dynamics of Secretion and Potential for Honey Production

Analysis of nectar from low‐volume flowers: A comparison of collection methods for free amino acids

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

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