Techniques for characterization and eradication of potato cyst nematode: a review

Abstract

Correct identification of species and pathotypes is must for eradication of potato cyst nematodes (PCN). The identification of PCN species after completing the life cycle is very difficult because it is based on morphological and morphometrical characteristics. Genetically different populations of PCN are morphologically same and differentiated based on the host differential study. Later on these traditional techniques have been replaced by biochemical techniques viz, one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, isozymes, dot blot hybridization and isoelectric focusing etc. to distinguish both the species. One and two dimensional gel electrophoresis has used to examine inter- and intra-specific differences in proteins of and. Now application of PCR and DNA based characterization techniques like RAPD, AFLP and RFLP are the important tools for differentiating inter- and intra specific variation in PCN and has given opportunities to accurate identification of PCN. For managing the PCN, till now we are following integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, however these strategies are not effective to eradicate the PCN. Therefore to eradicate the PCN we need noval management practices like RNAi (RNA interference) or Gene silencing.

Quarantine nematode species and pathotypes potentially dangerous for domestic potato production: populations diversity and the genetics of potato resistance

“…Видовая диагностика с применением морфометрических и молекулярных методов широко применяется в практике карантина растений для идентификации видов ЦКН в обнаруженном очаге в посадках картофеля. Морфометрические методы диагностики достаточно подробно описаны в коллективной монографии (Зиновьева и др., 2012), а также в обзорах и методических указаниях (Шес теперов, 2002;Ryss, 2002;Bairwa et al, 2017;Christoforou et al, 2017; OEPP/EPPO, 2017b).…”

“…Перспективным представляется развитие новых молекулярных технологий. Последние 20 лет с момента обнаружения РНК интерференции (RNAi) (Fire et al, 1998), эту технологию пытаются использовать для защиты растений от различных видов нематод (Lilley et al, 2007;Bairwa et al, 2017). Показано, что экспрессия в растениихозяине двуцепочечной РНК, нацеленной на гены домашнего хозяйства или паразитизма у галловой нематоды, приводит к Quarantine nematode species and pathotypes potentially dangerous for domestic potato production устойчивости против этой нематоды (Gheysen, Vanholme, 2007).…”

RNA-Seq of Cyst Nematode Infestation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars

“…Moreover, the feeding site (i.e., syncytium) formed by the PCN is metabolically active, acts as a "nutrient sink", and attracts nutrients produced by plants [10]. In other words, the plant spends major portions of its energy supporting the PCN at the cost of itself, which results in heavy yield losses of up to 80% [11,12].…”

Detection of Globodera pallida directly from soil sample using mt-COI region based LAMP assay

“…Therefore, PCR based approaches have been used to identify PCN species which produce speci c and accurate results. Among the PCR based techniques, Random ampli ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Ampli ed fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), Internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2), ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mt-DNA) have become popular for identi cation of PCN species (Aarti et al 2017). But, these techniques require expensive thermo-cyclers as well as imaging systems and it cannot be used directly under eld conditions.…”