Techniques of Experimentation

Bivin, W. Sheldon; Smith, Gerald D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-263620-2.50025-2

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4 We chose to decontaminate for two periods of five minutes each so that an effective time is allotted for hydrolysis, based on in vitro data. 13 Sulfur mustard had a direct inhibitory effect on the blood-forming celIs 20 . Tissue destruction and repair with concomitant inflammation, on the other hand, subjects the animal to a complex cascade of events that jreatly increases the level of WBC in the peripheral circulation.…”

Section: '17mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrolysis of HO in water is relatively rapid at vital temperatures (e.g., 2.6 minutes at 37.4 degrees Celsius, and 0.72 minutes at 40 degrees Celsius 13) and can be expected to be more rapid in .he face of a potent hydrolyzing agent such as sodium or calcium hypochlorite.14 Several researchers 6,1 7 have studied the penetration of HO through intact skin and found that maximal absorption is obtained at 5 minutes. Renshaw determined that absorption and tissue binding by intact skin is complete within two minutes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hypochlorite Solution as a Decontaminant in Sulfur Mustard Contaminated Skin Defects in the Euthymic Hairless Guinea Pig

Gold¹,

Bongiovanni²,

Scharf³

et al. 1994

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypochliorie soilutions are thought to be efficacious when used to topi.cally dft-ontaminaise intact skin. However, lb~w -studios havo exarn-ined the efficacy of decontarninatiOn of chrmacally contamninated wounds. Therefore, we cornpafed the decontamination efficacy of sodium hypochlcinte (0 5% and 2 5% solutions), calcium hyoochlonle (0 5% and 2 5% soluttions) and Stente water to untreated controls in wounds exposed to sultur mustard (HO). Anesthetized euthymic hairles guinea pigs (EHGP) (n--6) were exposed tn 0 4 LD50 HO in a hA-thickntss 8 mm surgical bmop~sy skin deflect (ioe wound) Each animal was subsequenstfy ocantamtnoted, after a twO-minuto intra-wound4 exposure to iqjuid HD, with~ Oon Ot the dtecontamrination solutions Oirontamination etficacy was determiined by the visual grad-mg of the HOtraumatized wound lesion and by comparison of !he exoected HO1-induced leukocyte supprssionLeikcicyte supprwgoon wmev iricrnsisteril in alt animnals, theOreor, the visual grading was the only v~iable evaluation method No signiticant dfl"jri'ncos were rAbsonipj amrong wouinds decontaiminated w~1h any of tho noilutons However. the Okn surrounding undecontamiruited ibul sexposed) control animails .khowed the 'esil-votual ;:-.vhotoqy The lesions induced follonwing decontamsinaton are preisume.,d to be due to the mpc~onv-cAl flushing of HO oo-to the peni-lestioiial ikin, or bry chemical damAqe induced by the %Lcution, or H0t-solution intetraction Further studies are requireod to bast deineatte the optimal deconlaminnatiton procosi for HO cor'taminittad wounds 94-07965CC0VENT PART NOTICE

show abstract

Section: '17mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypochlorite Solution as a Decontaminant in Sulfur Mustard Contaminated Skin Defects in the Euthymic Hairless Guinea Pig

Gold¹,

Bongiovanni²,

Scharf³

et al. 1994

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Spots of white hair are observed in the center of the back (A) and the root of the hail (B). [2], cutting of auricles [2], and cutting of limb tips [4,7], cause pain during the treatment [3]. On the other hand, rapid cooling of the skin has a local anesthetic effect [5], as mentioned by Farrell et al, so that the pain caused by the procedure is considered to be minimal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal ear tags [4], V-shaped cuts in the ear [2], cutting of limb tips [4,7], cutting of the tail end [4], punching of the ear [2], and dye implantation [1,6,8] The dry ice was applied for either 10 or 30 seconds to 5 animals each, under ether anesthesia. In the control group, only the clipping was done.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Permanent Marking of Colored Mice Using Dry Ice

Ohwada

1991

Experimental Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Cages were checked daily for mortality. Serum was obtained from anesthetized mice by retro-orbital bleeding as previously described (5). Evidence of infection included weight loss, elevated WBC, and positive quantitative cultures of B. pertussis from lung tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Priming with Inactivated Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine in the Aerosol Challenge Model

Bruss

Siber

2002

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Serum antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT) have been shown to be protective against severe pertussis disease, although a specific level of anti-PT antibody that correlates with protection has not been demonstrated. Current animal models such as the intracerebral challenge model have significant limitations in correlating protection to a specific level of anti-PT antibody. This study examines the protective effects of priming with tetranitromethane-inactivated pertussis toxoid (PTx) vaccine in the aerosol challenge model and whether a measurable response to a priming dose of PTx is enough to initiate a protective secondary response when challenged with infection. The correlation of priming with markers of illness such as leukocytosis, weight loss, bacterial proliferation, and mortality after established infection with Bordetella pertussis was explored. BALB/c mice were immunized with PTx vaccine on day 6 of life and then challenged with B. pertussis using the aerosol challenge model. Data were analyzed according to the primary immunologic response, differentiating responders (anti-PT immunoglobulin G [IgG] >1 g/ml) from nonresponders (anti-PT IgG <1 g/ml). Mice that showed evidence of priming on the day of aerosol challenge were able to mount a secondary response to the challenge with a >2-fold rise in anti-PT IgG antibody by day 7 and a >10-fold rise by day 14 post-aerosol challenge. These primed mice were significantly better protected against leukocytosis, weight loss, and proliferation of B. pertussis in the lungs following aerosol challenge than the nonprimed group. This protection correlated with levels of anti-PT antibody in serum present on the day of aerosol challenge.

show abstract

Techniques of Experimentation

Cited by 16 publications

References 80 publications

Hypochlorite Solution as a Decontaminant in Sulfur Mustard Contaminated Skin Defects in the Euthymic Hairless Guinea Pig

Hypochlorite Solution as a Decontaminant in Sulfur Mustard Contaminated Skin Defects in the Euthymic Hairless Guinea Pig

Permanent Marking of Colored Mice Using Dry Ice

Quantitative Priming with Inactivated Pertussis Toxoid Vaccine in the Aerosol Challenge Model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About