Techno-economic analysis of energy storage systems using reversible fuel cells and rechargeable batteries in green buildings

Chadly, Assia; Azar, Elie; Maalouf, Maher; Mayyas, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.123466

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…PEM RFCs generally have higher starting voltage than that of the RSOC, typically 1.2 V for PEM RFC and nearly 1.0 V for RSOC. This voltage potential is called “no loss voltage,” or equilibrium potential 40 . The high operating temperatures in the RSOC allow it for better response to any sudden drop in the voltage at the beginning of the reaction, unlike PEM RFC which usually experiences a sudden change upon the change between electrolysis and fuel cell modes 27 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5 shows the polarization curves at the standard operating temperature and pressure for PEM‐RFC and RSOC. PEM‐RFC are generally more sensitive to changes in the current density in comparison with the RSOC making it the preferred hydrogen‐based ESS in the load‐following applications such as the case where we have RFC that is connected to an intermittent renewable energy source (eg, PV solar system or wind) 27,40 . A common rule of thumb recommends operating RSOC at current density in the electrolysis mode that is 2‐3X more than the corresponding current density in the fuel cell mode 25,27 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEM-RFC are generally more sensitive to changes in the current density in comparison with the RSOC making it the preferred hydrogen-based ESS in the load-following applications such as the case where we have RFC that is connected to an intermittent renewable energy source (eg, PV solar system or wind). 27,40 A common rule of thumb recommends operating RSOC at current density in the electrolysis mode that is 2-3X more than the corresponding current density in the fuel cell mode. 25,27 PEM RFCs generally have higher starting voltage than that of the RSOC, typically 1.2 V for PEM RFC and nearly 1.0 V for RSOC.…”

Section: Functions Specifications Of the Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This voltage potential is called "no loss voltage," or equilibrium potential. 40 The high operating temperatures in the RSOC allow it for better response to any sudden drop in the voltage at the beginning of the reaction, unlike PEM RFC which usually experiences a sudden change upon the change between electrolysis and fuel cell modes. 27 For Li-ion batteries, they usually supply a voltage that decreases a bit with the state of charge.…”

Section: Functions Specifications Of the Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncertainty and simulation‐based cost analyses for energy storage systems used in green buildings

Chadly

Azar²,

Mayyas

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Energy storage systems (ESS) provide buildings with the ability to store electricity generated from renewable energy sources (eg, solar photovoltaics), increasing building operational flexibility and reliability. Previous studies on ESS in buildings often make assumptions about key input parameters (eg, installation factor, roundtrip efficiency, etc.) being fixed, overlooking potential performance risks due to uncertainty or variations in these parameters. The goal of this paper is to quantify the impact of uncertainty in technical and financial parameters on the economic performance of Li‐ion batteries (LIB), proton‐exchange membranes reversible fuel cells (PEM RFC), and reversible solid oxide cells (RSOC). The analysis is conducted on three medium‐sized office buildings located in three different climate zones of the United States: 2B (Phoenix, AZ), 3B‐Coast (Los Angeles, CA), and 4C (Seattle, WA). Two metrics are used to evaluate the economic viability of the selected technologies, namely the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and the levelized cost of energy storage (LCOS). While the results of the LCOE and LCOS differed in value between those cities, the cost breakdown for LCOS in all locations shows that capital cost is the biggest cost contributor, followed by electricity cost. A Monte‐Carlo simulation was also conducted to assess the impact of uncertainty in input parameters on the LCOS model. The simulation results allowed us to generate probable ranges and probability tables for the LCOS.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functions Specifications Of the Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functions Specifications Of the Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Uncertainty and simulation‐based cost analyses for energy storage systems used in green buildings

Chadly

Azar²,

Mayyas

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

Self Cite

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“…of Energy's Hydrogen Shot initiative will achieve H 2 production at a cost of $1/kg by 2030 which will help to reduce the HFC system cost from $76/kW to a projected $30/kW. [ 27 ] While the current capital costs associated with HFC technology and infrastructure (storage, transport, and delivery) lead to a higher levelized cost of energy compared to LIB's, [ 28 ] the existence of pilot‐scale plants and even a few commercially available products place HFCs at a TRL of 7 to 8. With advancements, the potential for cost reduction and broad market adoption of HFCs in the next decade is likely, which cements an intermediate‐term energy storage solution.…”

Section: Alternative Energy Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Energy Carriers: Unique Interfaces for Electrochemical Hydrogenic Transformations

Carroll

Gebbie

Stahl

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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The shift toward renewable energy generation sources, characterized by their non‐carbon emitting but variable nature, has spurred significant innovation in energy storage technologies. Advancements in foundational understanding from investments in basic science and clever engineering solutions, coupled with increasing industrial adoption, have resulted in a notable reduction in the cost of storing electricity from variable energy generation sources. These developments have paved the way for the exploration of new and innovative forms of energy storage that deviate from traditional technologies. In this perspective, it is posited that the progress made in energy storage research over recent years has opened the door to the development of energy carriers for technologies that are yet to be realized. To illustrate this concept, examples of alternative energy carriers are provided within the context of unique electrochemical interfaces for electrochemical hydrogenic transformations. The unique properties of these interfaces and electrochemical systems can be leveraged in ways not yet imagined, creating new possibilities for energy storage. A perspective on the progress and challenges for each interface as well as a general outlook for the advancement of energy carrier systems are provided.

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Empowering Reversible Solid Oxide Cells at the Hydrogen-Electricity Nexus

Dan,

Wang,

Teketel

et al. 2025

Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy

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Techno-economic analysis of energy storage systems using reversible fuel cells and rechargeable batteries in green buildings

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Uncertainty and simulation‐based cost analyses for energy storage systems used in green buildings

Uncertainty and simulation‐based cost analyses for energy storage systems used in green buildings

Alternative Energy Carriers: Unique Interfaces for Electrochemical Hydrogenic Transformations

Empowering Reversible Solid Oxide Cells at the Hydrogen-Electricity Nexus

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