Techno-economic analysis of the biomass gasification and Fischer–Tropsch integrated process with off-gas recirculation

Techno-environmental analysis of the biomass gasification and Fischer-Tropsch integrated process for the co-production of bio-fuel and power

“…The development of the BTL model in ACM was explained in our previous work [8]. The developed model is divided into several parts, i.e., gasification, steam reforming or ATO reforming, water gas shift reaction, compression, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and power generation.…”

“…The largest exergy losses occurred in the power generation from FT-offgas and in the biomass gasifier [7]. The production rates of syngas, FT-diesel and FT-offgas as well as the electricity from the BTL process could be maximized via the suitable adjustment of the FT-offgas recycle fraction and selection of the FT reactor volume [8]. Wang et al [9] developed a multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINPL) model in which the net present value (NPV) and global warming potential (GWP) derived from a life cycle assessment procedure were used as economic and environmental indicators, respectively.…”

Exergetic, economic and carbon emission studies of bio-olefin production via indirect steam gasification process

“…to justify the economic feasibility of the proposed process. The total capital cost was estimated by direct and indirect capital costs based on the ratio factor method outlined in literature [52,53]. The estimation of individual equipment is determined by the base equipment cost and size [54].…”

“…The terms of and are the reference equipment cost and size, which are obtained from literature [13,52,[55][56][57][58][59] and are summarized in Table 4. In addition, the installation and control, construction phase, land, site preparation, plant start-up and contingency costs, were further calculated based on the ratio factors of the total equipment cost referred in [52,53]. [59] Fixed operating cost was estimated according to the percentages of total indirect cost (TIC) or personnel cost [53].…”

“…In addition, the installation and control, construction phase, land, site preparation, plant start-up and contingency costs, were further calculated based on the ratio factors of the total equipment cost referred in [52,53]. [59] Fixed operating cost was estimated according to the percentages of total indirect cost (TIC) or personnel cost [53]. Here, the cost of personnel is calculated based on the total LHV of biomass [52,57]:…”