Techno-economic Analysis on the Production of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles by Precipitation Assisted Ultrasonic Radiation Method

Abstract

Zinc sulfide is a material that has many uses in various fields. Zinc sulfide is deriving from the mineral sphalerite. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of producing zinc sulfide from zinc acetate and sodium sulfide using the precipitation-assisted ultrasonic radiation method. This method is the most efficient method for the synthesis of zinc sulfide nanoparticles, because it does not take much time and the resulting product is high. The evaluation was done from the engineering and economic perspectives. The feasibility analysis method from the engineering perspective was done by designing the initial production design on a large scale, whereas the analysis from an economic perspective was done by calculating various economic parameters, that is Gross Profit Margin, Cumulative Net Present Value, Internal Rate Return, Payback Period, Break Event Point, and Profitability Index. The engineering perspective showed that the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles can be done on a large scale due to the commercial availability of materials and tools. Based on the economic evaluation, the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles by precipitation-assisted ultrasonic method is ideal for an industrial scale. Earned increased profits over 20 years, the payback on investment costs lasted only two years. We hope that this study can provide references to readers, industry, and researchers regarding the feasibility analysis of the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles using the precipitation-assisted ultrasonic radiation method

Techno-Economic Evaluation of the Production of Dysprosium-Doped Cobalt Ferrites Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method

“…Earned increased profits over 20 years, the payback on investment costs lasted only two years. [22] The economic feasibility of producing copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using the green synthesis method on an industrial scale for 10 years…”

“…[28] Several studies of economic evaluation about scaling up material production from laboratory scale to industrial scale have been published in many papers. Table 2 shows the current literature on techno-economic evaluation with objectives, parameters, and results [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Techno-economic Evaluation of Biodiesel Production from Edible Oil Waste via Supercritical Methyl Acetate Transesterification

“…To produce biodiesel, transesterification of animal fat or vegetable oil with short-chain alcohol is the most common way (Li et al, 2008). Several methods to produce biodiesel from waste oil are using supercritical alcohols (Saka et al, 2010;Quesada et al, 2011), supercritical carbon dioxide (Rodrigues et al, 2011), methyl acetate transesterification (Campanelli et al, 2010;Saka et al, 2009), homogeneous-catalyzed transesterification (Shimada et al, 2022;Georgogianni et al, 2009), heterogeneous-catalyzed transesterification (Kiss et al, 2010;Agarwal et al, 2012), enzyme-catalyzed transesterification (Al-Zuhair et al, 2009;Hama et al, 2011), and non-catalyzed transesterification (Lee et al, 2012;Tan et al, 2011). The advantages drive the method selection for producing biodiesel.…”

“…Because it can be performed without the use of a catalyst, supercritical transesterification is an appealing alternative to conventional transesterification. It also enables easier product separation and faster reaction rates (Campanelli et al, 2010).…”

“…From the literature, an economic evaluation was used to analyze the feasibility of the project on the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method, hyaluronic acid through an extraction method, coal to SNG power plant, poly-DADMAC, and sepiolite nanocomposite, zinc sulfide nanoparticles by precipitation assisted ultrasonic radiation method, copper oxide nanoparticles by green synthesis method, copper nanoparticles by biosynthetic method using citrus medica Linn Extract, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from eggshell waste, magnesium oxide nanoparticles by precipitation method, aluminum oxide nanoparticles through precipitation method, magnesium oxide nanoparticles using sol-gel method. In addition, economic analysis is also analyzed in education (Ragahita et al, 2022;Nurdiana et al, 2022;Elia et al, 2023;Andika et al, 2016;Mojaveri et al, 2017;Rosmawati et al, 2021;Astuti et al, 2021;Putra et al, 2021;Anggiat et al, 2021;Annisa et al, 2021;Febriani et al, 2020;Supriyadi et al, 2021;Kurniadianti et al, 2021;Veronica et al, 2021). Understanding biodiesel production necessitates an understanding of the techno-economy.…”