Techno-economic and environmental optimization of heat supply systems in urban areas

Abstract

The present work deals with an optimization model for selection of optimal heating structure in urban areas also considering the environmental aspects. The optimization model was established in order to facilitate the decision making during selection phase of heat sources locations and defining the boundaries of their action at the pre-design phase of heat supply schemes development of settlements. Within the model is performed comparative analysis between ten heating systems, whereas as leading criteria in the comparison procedure are considered heat load density per unit of area, techno-economic aspects, and environmental impact. The optimization result actually defines the optimal heating system type in regard of the heat load density per unit area. The model provides possibility in defining standard values of heat density indicators, according to which can be assessed the economic feasibility of implementing district heating system for the selected urban area. The less value of heat density in the system, the higher specific costs for generation, distribution, and transmission of heat energy. Furthermore, the model is applied and verified for the local urban, infrastructural, technical and environmental conditions of the city of Skopje. The process of determination of optimal heating structure has holistic approach, where, beside technoeconomic aspects and feasibility, the environmental aspect of different heating systems is considered as a major factor (threat) in air pollution.

Optimization model for improvement of district heating system by integration of cogeneration

“…It is noticed that human needs (or energy services) dictate the energy system and its advancementthe insatiable human desire is the constant source and driving power for the improvement and growth of energy systems [1]. Shesho et al [2] have indicated that higher energy efficiency could help to achieve higher living standard of citizens, better energy security, safe and reliable energy supply, cleaner environment, and nevertheless more competitive business opportunity. Connolly et al [3] suggests that DH systems can play an important role in the cost-effective decarbonisation of the EU energy system.…”

The Impact of Emerging Renewable Energy on Capacity Mechanisms in Power Systems and Expert Opinion

“…All this determines the power system's ability to ensure the reliability of the electricity supply. Capacity mechanisms are generally argued to help reduce the cost of large-scale wind energy development to reduce the likelihood of loss of load As a result of optimization, it is emphasized the importance of the capacity mechanism by identifying the most suitable type of heating system in terms of the heat load density in the unit area [3][4][5]. This mechanism is defined as the administrative measure to ensure the desired level of supply security by charging production plants for the availability of resources.…”