Techno-economic assessment of CO₂liquefaction for ship transportation

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology for addressing global warming by capturing carbon dioxide and storing it somewhere, usually underground. The transportation of CO 2 is required since storage sites are not necessarily present near the source sites. Ships can be used for long distance transport of CO 2 . However, CO 2 sources are not always located near the coast; hence onshore transportation may be required in addition to ship for transportation of CO 2 from source sites to storage site. Liquefaction is a vital component in ship transportation. In this study, a state-of-the-art CO 2 liquefaction processes have been designed by taking CO 2 capture facilities into account. The proposed processes require lower liquefaction energy compared to other processes found in the literature. Suitable thermodynamic conditions are required for economical transport of CO 2 . Therefore, three scenarios each for post-combustion and pre-combustion have been studied in order to explore the effect of thermodynamic conditions on the economics of CO 2 transport. The considered scenarios are categorized on the basis of liquefaction plant location as: (i) the capture site, liquefaction plant and shipping terminal are located close to each other; (ii) the capture site and liquefaction plant are far from shipping terminal; (iii) the capture site is far from liquefaction plant and shipping terminal. The scenarios results were useful for deciding the optimum liquefaction plant location. Finally, an economic analysis is performed in order to evaluate the feasibility of CO 2 transport from source sites to ship loading terminal.

Parametric Optimization for Power De-Rate Reduction in the Integrated Coal-Fired Power Plant with Carbon Capture and Storage

“…Hence, a 4-stage compressor gives the process flexibility. Aspelund et al 34 and Zahid et al 35 also used a 4stage compressor for the same purpose of a self-refrigerant liquefaction system. Between each compressor stage, the stream is reduced in temperature by being fed to a process heat exchanger (PROCESS HE-2).…”

Design and Operation Strategy of CO2 Terminal

“…LNG is stored and transported at atmospheric pressure, while CO 2 needs to be stored and transported at a minimum pressure of 6.5 bar. The cargo density of LNG is about 450 kg/m 3 compared to the CO 2 transportation density of 1100 kg/m 3 . This means that CO 2 ships can carry more mass than an equivalent LNG ship.…”

“…Also, foreseeing the uncertainty in the CCS market, ships represent a certain residual value, which means that in the case of CCS project cancellation, capital (CAPEX) invested will not be wasted all together and the ship can be employed in alternative trades. 3 Ship transportation itself can be divided into three subparts as shown in Figure 1. First, the captured CO 2 is liquefied through the liquefaction plant which is an integral part of ship transportation.…”

“…The results showed a reduced liquefaction energy consumption of 98.9 kWh per tonne of CO 2 . More recently, Zahid et al 3 proposed a liquefaction process design for postcombustion and precombustion source facilities and recommended an optimum location of liquefaction plant based on various scenarios. Chiyoda corporation 6 proposed the concept of shuttle ships which are equipped with injection facilities; hence, there is no need for an injection platform at the injection site.…”

Techno-Economic and Partial Environmental Analysis of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCU/S): Case Study from Proposed Waste-Fed District-Heating Incinerator in Sweden

“…The Johansen formation in the North Sea reportedly has a potential of diverting 4 Mt CO 2 annually, into it [24,25]. Against this backdrop of the availability of sequestration space in Norway and the absence of sites in Sweden, transporting the captured CO 2 from Sweden to Norwegian sites is a process that cannot be overlooked [26]. As most of the CCS sites in Norway are to be found in the North Sea, the focus here is on sea travel, as observed by Chang et al [27].…”