Techno-economic evaluation of squalene recovery from oil deodorizer distillates

Bouriakova, Alexandra; Mendes, Paulo; Elst, Kathy; Clercq, Jeriffa De; Thybaut, Joris W.

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2019.12.003

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Optimization of Reaction Conditions. A mixture containing SODD, methanol, and lipase MAS1-H108A were added to a 100 mL conical flask with constant shaking at 200 rpm for 24 h. The reaction parameters, such as the oil/ methanol molar ratio (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5), enzyme loading (5,15,25,35, and 45 U/g SODD), and temperature (30,35,40,45, and 50 °C), were varied for optimization. In particular, to reduce the inactivation rate of immobilized MAS1-H108A and increase the conversion of FAME, methanol was a three-step average added at 0, 2, and 4 h, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 22 Also, supercritical CO 2 extraction and crystallization processes were applied for the isolation of phytosterols from saponified rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate. 23 Although many studies have focused on the production of biodiesel by SODD or the recovery of bioactive compounds from SODD, 24 , 25 the one-step synthesis of biodiesel and recovery of bioactive compounds from SODD were scarcely reported. The generated FAME has a lower boiling point than the corresponding FFA and that results in an easy separation between FAME and the bioactive compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Utilization Strategy for Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate: Synergically Synthesizing Biodiesel and Recovering Bioactive Compounds by a Combined Enzymatic Process and Molecular Distillation

Lin

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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Soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) is well recognized as a good source of both biodiesel and high-value bioactive compounds of tocopherols, squalene, and phytosterols. To achieve a one-step synthesis of biodiesel and recovery of bioactive compounds from SODD, four commercial immobilized enzymes (Novozym 435, Lipozyme TLIM, Lipozyme RMIM, and Lipozyme RM) and one self-prepared immobilized lipase MAS1-H108A were compared. The results showed that immobilized lipase MAS1-H108A due to the better methanol tolerance and higher catalytic activity gave the highest biodiesel yield of 97.08% under the optimized conditions: molar ratio of 1:2 (oil/methanol), temperature of 35 °C, and enzyme loading of 35 U/g SODD, even after 10 persistent cycles without significant decrease of activity. Simultaneously, there was no loss of tocopherols and squalene in SODD during the enzymatic reaction. Pure biodiesel (characterized by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)) and a high concentration of bioactive compounds could be successfully separated by molecular distillation at 100 °C. In a word, this work provides an interesting idea to achieve environmentally friendly treatment of SODD by combining an enzymatic process and molecular distillation, and it is suitable for industrial production.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Utilization Strategy for Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate: Synergically Synthesizing Biodiesel and Recovering Bioactive Compounds by a Combined Enzymatic Process and Molecular Distillation

Lin

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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“…Finally, squalene and phytosterols have been extracted from natural sources using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) (SFE) [157]. In addition, high levels of these same substances have been found in deodorization distillates during the refining of some vegetable oils, such as palm and olive [158,159]. Furthermore, the most widely used techniques to quantify the compounds mentioned above include gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry [72].…”

Section: Available Technologies To Extract Concentrate And/or Purify Palm Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor Compounds of Palm Oil: Properties and Potential Applications

Gonzalez‒Diaz¹,

Núñez²

2022

Elaeis Guineensis

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The oil contained in ripe fruits produced by cultivars of African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq., as well as that obtained from fresh fruit bunches of certain inter-specific hybrid cultivars derived from crossbreeding between Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés and E. guineensis Jacq., have shown to be lipid substrates rich in valuable phytochemicals with exceptional biological properties and functional applications for multiple human health tasks. Eight isoforms of vitamin E (four tocopherols and four tocotrienols), α- and β-carotene, squalene, and various phenolic structures, make up the largest group of minor compounds in palm oil and are essential nutrients with physiological functions that include, but are not limited to their antioxidant properties. Vitamin E regulates the redox (oxidation-reduction) balance in the body, and compounds such as squalene and carotenoids are ubiquitously distributed throughout the body, including cell membranes and lipoproteins. Several studies suggest that regular intake of foods rich in this group of phytonutrients minimizes the reactivity of oxidative chemical species at the cellular level and serves as an effective adjunct in the treatment of oxidative stress.

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“…In literature, sources that regard of FAs in the vapor phase. 5,21,24,25 However, UNIFAC-based models generally do not result in good predictions for lipid systems. 18 In addition, UNIFAC models cannot be used for FA distillation, as their applicability is limited to temperatures below 425 K. 20 Othman and (3) demonstrating the applicability of the lumping approach in a case study by building and validating a comprehensive simulation, using the proper property methods, of an industrial FA distillation plant for optimizing the product yield, purity and heat duty of the process.…”

Section: Study Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In literature, sources that regard FAs as nonpolar, use Redlich Kwong Soave (RKS)‐based equation of state models such as RKS with Boston–Mathias (RKS) and RKS with Wong‐Sandler or the predictive Soave–Redlich–Kwong (PSRK) model 14,21‐23 . Sources that regard FAs as polar compounds, use property methods based on the nonrandom two‐liquid (NRTL), universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC), or UNIQUAC Functional‐group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) model, often in combination with the Nothnagel (NTH) or Hayden–O'Conell (HOC) model to describe the dimerization of FAs in the vapor phase 5,21,24,25 . However, UNIFAC‐based models generally do not result in good predictions for lipid systems 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iterative lumping approach for representing lipid feedstocks in fatty acid distillation simulation and optimization

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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The complexity of lipid feedstocks and the lack of data on physical properties hinder the simulation of oleochemical processing units. In this work, an iterative lumping approach is proposed to define an adequate number of key compounds such that diversification between lipid feedstocks becomes possible, while keeping the determination of physical properties as required for process modeling manageable. As a case study, the iterative lumping approach is used for simulation and optimization of a fatty acid distillation plant. For predicting vapor-liquid equilibria of fatty acids, the best results were acquired using the property method universal quasichemical-Hayden-O'Conell. Using the iterative lumping approach, 11 key compounds were selected to represent the feedstock. The process model properly predicts the product composition, yield, purity and heat duty. The most important process parameters are found to be side-reflux-ratio, reboiler-outlet-temperature, and heat-duty of the pitch-distiller. For optimization, an increase of the side-reflux-ratio and reboiler-outlet-temperature is recommended.

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Techno-economic evaluation of squalene recovery from oil deodorizer distillates

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Integrated Utilization Strategy for Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate: Synergically Synthesizing Biodiesel and Recovering Bioactive Compounds by a Combined Enzymatic Process and Molecular Distillation

Integrated Utilization Strategy for Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate: Synergically Synthesizing Biodiesel and Recovering Bioactive Compounds by a Combined Enzymatic Process and Molecular Distillation

Minor Compounds of Palm Oil: Properties and Potential Applications

Iterative lumping approach for representing lipid feedstocks in fatty acid distillation simulation and optimization

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