Techno-economically-driven identification of ideal plant configurations for a new biomass-to-liquid process – A case study for Central-Europe

Maier, Simon; Tuomi, Sanna; Kihlman, Johanna; Kurkela, Esa; Dietrich, R. U.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114651

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[56][57][58] The plant's net production cost (NPC) is comprised of the annuity for the capital expenditure (CAPEX), the direct operation expenditure (OPEX), including feedstock and utility cost, and the indirect operation cost, accounting for cost factors like insurance. The cost estimation is conducted with the soware tool TEPET, as described by Albrecht et al 9 and Maier et al 55 The capital expenditure is estimated based on equipment cost as well as indirect capital cost, such as the cost of installation. The equipment cost functions used for this study are given in Table 3.…”

Section: Production Cost Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable aviation fuel from forestry residue and hydrogen – a techno-economic and environmental analysis for an immediate deployment of the PBtL process in Europe

Habermeyer

Papantoni

Brand

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Section: Production Cost Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable aviation fuel from forestry residue and hydrogen – a techno-economic and environmental analysis for an immediate deployment of the PBtL process in Europe

Habermeyer

Papantoni

Brand

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…Gasification is one of the technology options for converting biomass into renewable fuels and chemicals [1][2][3][4]. In the gasification, the biomass partially oxidizes at 800-1000 • C to form synthesis gas, which contains carbon monoxide and hydrogen as the primary desired components but also impurities such as ash, hydrocarbons, tar, NH 3 and H 2 S [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major potential applications for biomass-derived synthesis gas utilization is Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, which combines carbon monoxide with hydrogen to produce hydrocarbon components suitable for transportation fuels and chemicals [1,3,7,8]. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is very sensitive to any impurities in the feed gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Formation in the Reforming of Simulated Biomass Gasification Gas on Nickel and Rhodium Catalysts

Kihlman

Simell

2022

Catalysts

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Biomass gasification gas contains hydrocarbons that must be converted to CO and H2 prior to the utilization of the gas in a synthesis unit. Autothermal or steam reforming operating with a nickel or noble metal catalyst is a feasible option to treat the gas, but the harsh reaction conditions may lead to the formation of solid carbon. This study discusses the effects of pressure, time-on-stream, and ethylene content on the carbon formation on nickel and rhodium catalysts. The experiments were carried out with laboratory-scale equipment using reaction conditions that were closely simulated after a pilot-scale biomass gasifier. The results indicated that ethylene content above 20,000 vol-ppm and the increased pressure would increase the carbon formation, although there were differences between the rhodium and nickel catalysts. However, carbon formation was significantly more pronounced on the nickel catalyst when the reaction time was increased from 5 h to 144 h. The type of carbon was found to be primarily encapsulating and graphitic. The formation of whisker carbons (also known as carbon nanotubes) was not observed, which is consistent with the literature as the feed gas contained H2S. It was concluded that utilizing a noble metal catalyst as the front layer of the catalyst bed could lower the risk for carbon formation sufficiently to provide stable long-term operation.

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“…The optimal use of recovered heat and process configuration is significantly dependent upon the region where such integrated biomassto-liquid plants operate. In a recent study by Maier et al, 38 this phenomenon is explored in detail, and it was concluded that the regional heat and electricity market determines the optimal process design of such plants, while regions with low feedstock costs are favorable for lower specific fuel production costs. Overall, Figure 7 shows that case HG1, which includes a hot- Energy & Fuels pubs.acs.org/EF Article https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01184 Energy Fuels XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX H gas cleanup train that typically has higher amounts of recoverable heat and maximizes FT crude production with off-gas recycling, incurs the lowest LCOF, which ranges from 97 to 145 €/MWh, and this is followed by cases CG1 (109− 153 €/MWh), HG2 (109−173 €/MWh), and CG2 (124−174 €/MWh).…”

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Chemical Looping Gasification of Biomass for Fischer–Tropsch Crude Production with Net-Negative CO₂ Emissions: Part 2

2022

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This work presents a techno-economic analysis of a novel gasification system, chemical looping gasification (CLG), used as the primary gasification process for biofuel production through Fischer−Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Two different gas cleaning process configurations, cold-gas cleanup and hot-gas cleanup process trains, are explored, along with off-gas utilization possibilities, to study their influence on the process economics of an integrated CLG−FT process plant. Off-gas recirculation to increase Fischer−Tropsch (FT) crude production has a significant influence on reducing the levelized production costs for FT crude. The results indicate that the specific production cost estimated for a CLG−FT plant with a hot-gas cleanup train is roughly 10% lower than the case with a cold-gas cleanup train, while the total plant costs remain relatively the same for all plant configurations. In addition to this, the former has a considerably higher overall system energy efficiency of 63%, roughly 18% more than the latter, considering the co-production of FT crude, district heating, and electricity. The specific investment costs range from 1.5 to 1.7 M€ 2018 /MW LHV , and the specific FT crude production cost ranges from 120 to 147 € 2018 /MWh FT . Roughly 60% of total carbon fed to the process is captured, enabling net-negative CO 2 emissions. A CO 2 price for negative emissions would significantly reduce the specific fuel production costs and would, hence, be competitive with fossil-based liquid fuels.

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Techno-economically-driven identification of ideal plant configurations for a new biomass-to-liquid process – A case study for Central-Europe

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Sustainable aviation fuel from forestry residue and hydrogen – a techno-economic and environmental analysis for an immediate deployment of the PBtL process in Europe

Sustainable aviation fuel from forestry residue and hydrogen – a techno-economic and environmental analysis for an immediate deployment of the PBtL process in Europe

Carbon Formation in the Reforming of Simulated Biomass Gasification Gas on Nickel and Rhodium Catalysts

Techno-Economic Assessment of Chemical Looping Gasification of Biomass for Fischer–Tropsch Crude Production with Net-Negative CO₂ Emissions: Part 2

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Techno-economically-driven identification of ideal plant configurations for a new biomass-to-liquid process – A case study for Central-Europe

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Sustainable aviation fuel from forestry residue and hydrogen – a techno-economic and environmental analysis for an immediate deployment of the PBtL process in Europe

Sustainable aviation fuel from forestry residue and hydrogen – a techno-economic and environmental analysis for an immediate deployment of the PBtL process in Europe

Carbon Formation in the Reforming of Simulated Biomass Gasification Gas on Nickel and Rhodium Catalysts

Techno-Economic Assessment of Chemical Looping Gasification of Biomass for Fischer–Tropsch Crude Production with Net-Negative CO2 Emissions: Part 2

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Chemical Looping Gasification of Biomass for Fischer–Tropsch Crude Production with Net-Negative CO₂ Emissions: Part 2