Techno-economics of sub- and supercritical water electrolysis

Borsboom-Hanson, Tory; Holm, Thomas R.; Mérida, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115741

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The hydrogen autoignition temperature, the temperature of spontaneous ignition in air, is 500°C [11,12]. The electrolysis of water is a simple method of producing hydrogen [13,14]. A current is run through the water, and gaseous oxygen forms at the anode while gaseous hydrogen forms at the cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Effects of equivalence ratio and wall properties on the heat transfer characteristics of microchannel reactors for hydrogen production

Chen

2022

Preprint

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There is a continuing effort to perform steam reforming reactions in thermally integrated microchannel chemical reactors. However, the mechanisms for the effects of design factors on heat transfer characteristics are still not fully understood. This study relates to a thermochemical process for producing hydrogen by the catalytic endothermic reaction of methanol with steam in a thermally integrated microchannel reforming reactor. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted to better understand the consumption, generation, and exchange of thermal energy between endothermic and exothermic processes in the reactor. The effects of equivalence ratio and wall properties on heat transfer characteristics and reactor performance are investigated. The results indicate that there are issues of efficiency loss for fuel-rich combustion cases. Loss of flame stability due to external heat losses are main issues that require thermal management. The thermal conductivity of the channel walls is fundamentally important. Materials with high thermal conductivity are preferred for the channel walls. Thermally conductive ceramics and metals are well-suited. Wall materials with poor heat conduction properties degrade the reactor performance. The heat released by the exothermic reaction could be entirely consumed by the endothermic reaction, thereby avoiding heat imbalances within the reactor or reducing the likelihood of the formation of hot spots within the catalyst layers. No flame combustion is involved in the process. Design recommendations are made to improve thermal performance for the reactor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Effects of equivalence ratio and wall properties on the heat transfer characteristics of microchannel reactors for hydrogen production

Chen

2022

Preprint

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“…The properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions at high temperatures are important for a variety of applications, including hydrothermal transport, carbon capture and storage, hydrothermal synthesis, , supercritical water oxidation, , supercritical gasification, , subcritical and supercritical water electrolysis, , and desalination. In particular, supercritical desalination shows promise as a zero-liquid-discharge desalination process. − Understanding the properties of high-temperature salt solutions is essential for designing an efficient desalination process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Simulation of NaCl–H₂O Phase Equilibria: Comparison of Classical Force Fields

2022

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Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations were performed to predict the pressure−composition phase diagrams of binary H 2 O−NaCl mixtures at 573 K and 633 K, pressures of 4500 to 19,000 kPa, and NaCl mole fractions of zero to 0.3. Understanding the high-temperature behavior of aqueous salt solutions is important for geochemical and industrial applications, including supercritical desalination. We employed both the SPC/E and TIP4P/2005 models for water, as well as the Joung-Cheatham (JC), Dang 1995 (D95), and Kirkwood-Buff (KBFF) force fields for NaCl. In addition, we performed simulations using the Madrid 2019 model for NaCl, which uses scaled charges and is parameterized only for use with TIP4P/2005. To compare the effect of scaling the charges, we also included a scaled charge version of the JC model. SPC/E with either the JC or KBFF NaCl force field results in the most accurate predictions for the pressure−composition diagrams, provided one removes the differences due to the vapor pressure of pure water. TIP4P/2005 with either JC or KBFF yields the best predictions for the liquid densities and partial molar heats of vaporization of water along the phase boundary. Scaling the charges from ±1 to ±0.85 reduces the mole fraction of NaCl in the liquid phase at a given pressure. We find a significant amount of ion pairing for all model combinations, with some notable differences in behavior. The D95 NaCl force field with either water model results in the highest Na + −Cl − coordination numbers, while the scaled charge force fields result in the least amount of ion pairing.

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Thermal modulation of radiation fields enhancing the adaptability of CPV-Hydrogen systems to hot outdoor conditions

Zhu,

Zhang,

Geng

et al. 2023

Solar Energy

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Techno-economics of sub- and supercritical water electrolysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

WITHDRAWN: Effects of equivalence ratio and wall properties on the heat transfer characteristics of microchannel reactors for hydrogen production

WITHDRAWN: Effects of equivalence ratio and wall properties on the heat transfer characteristics of microchannel reactors for hydrogen production

Monte Carlo Simulation of NaCl–H₂O Phase Equilibria: Comparison of Classical Force Fields

Thermal modulation of radiation fields enhancing the adaptability of CPV-Hydrogen systems to hot outdoor conditions

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Techno-economics of sub- and supercritical water electrolysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

WITHDRAWN: Effects of equivalence ratio and wall properties on the heat transfer characteristics of microchannel reactors for hydrogen production

WITHDRAWN: Effects of equivalence ratio and wall properties on the heat transfer characteristics of microchannel reactors for hydrogen production

Monte Carlo Simulation of NaCl–H2O Phase Equilibria: Comparison of Classical Force Fields

Thermal modulation of radiation fields enhancing the adaptability of CPV-Hydrogen systems to hot outdoor conditions

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Monte Carlo Simulation of NaCl–H₂O Phase Equilibria: Comparison of Classical Force Fields