“…Objective evidence of smoking can be obtained through breath carbon monoxide (CO) or cotinine in urine or saliva (cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine; Benowitz & Jacob, 1994). CM has resulted in smoking abstinence in a variety of populations including heavy, rural, pregnant, adolescent, and difficult-totreat smokers (for reviews see Dallery, Kurti, & Martner, 2015;Ledgerwood, 2008;Sigmon & Patrick, 2012). Recently, remote, internet-based technology has been used to monitor CO and deliver CM (Dallery & Glenn, 2005;Dallery, Glenn, & Raiff, 2007;Dallery et al, 2017;Meredith, Grabinski, & Dallery, 2011;Stoops et al, 2009), which could promote widespread access to the intervention.…”