Technological change of the energy innovation system: From oil-based to bio-based energy

Waste biomass-to-energy supply chain management: A critical synthesis

“…It is important to obtain a strategic view about the ramifications and various parameters of all these technological options on waste biomass supply chains; this would facilitate the identification of optimal configurations for bio-energy supply systems, networks, and of other meaningful improvement options (Wonglimpiyarat, 2010).…”

Technological progress and the availability of European oil and gas resources

“…The assumed rates of technological improvement, ranging from 0.50% to 1.50% per year, reflect the observed fact that advancement is greater under favourable production conditions. 3 Applying an assumed rate is based on recent approaches to modeling technological change that capture the effect of progress occurring exogenously over time [19]. For example, [21] argues that there is a constant rate of exogenous technological change associated with time.…”

“…From an economic point of view, relative prices will determine the dominance of oil and natural gas versus other fuels [3]. To give an example, a significant tax on carbon would increase the relative price of coal versus gas.…”

Selective catalytic conversion of bio-oil over high-silica zeolites

“…Of all the products of biomass conversion, bio-oil from pyrolysis and liquefaction of biomass has received considerable attentions since it could replace fossil fuels or could be used as feedstock for many chemicals production (Cordella et al, 2012;Jacobson et al, 2013;Kanaujia et al, 2014;Li and Suzuki, 2010). The assessment of the potential of bio-oil has been done by many scientists and some strategies and policies have also been proposed for replacing fossil fuel with bio-oil (Demirbas, 2011;Wonglimpiyarat, 2010 Despite its potential, bio-oil contains various unwanted oxygenated compounds such as acids and aldehydes/ketones which should be removed since their existence could result in the thermal instability of the fuel (Lehto et al, 2014;Oasmaa and Kuoppala, 2003) and mismatching with the standard fossil fuel properties. In order to upgrade the quality of bio-oil, some approaches, such as hydroprocessing/hydrotreatment and catalytic cracking have been investigated and applied.…”