“…Second, insights into the motivations specific to KC versus KS activities can also lead to a better understanding of how older adults use VCs and, in turn, help internet companies develop sustainable VCs for older adults (Bateman et al, 2011;Butler et al, 2002;Choi et al, 2014). Finally, actively engaging older adults in knowledge networks enabled by VCs helps older adults enrich their retired life, and thereby builds a digitally inclusive society (Nimrod, 2013;Nimrod, 2011;Afsarmanesh et al, 2012;Ramı ´rez-Correa et al, 2019). Therefore, this study aimed to address the abovementioned research gap, and accordingly, we asked the following question: Q1.…”