Technological study of pre-Columbian bimetallic discs from Monte Alban, Oaxaca, Mexico

Abstract

One of the most remarkable examples of metalwork from Mesoamerica is the collection from Monte Alban’s Tomb 7. Among its items, we encounter extraordinary examples of bimetallic artefacts; a pair of solar representations whose main particularity is that they are formed by two different alloy sheets: one rich in silver and the other rich in gold. The silver-rich zones show deterioration characterized by brittleness, fractures and the loss of some fragments; this fragility is apparently due to dislocations caused by repeated hammering and insufficient annealing during the manufacturing process. Because sampling of the original items was not allowed, test specimens were prepared replicating the manufacturing techniques and alloy compositions, based on data previously obtained by X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of the original pieces. Examination of these test specimens was undertaken in order to understand the thermodynamic behaviour of the metallic microstructure and its relation to the alteration processes. Samples of each alloy were then taken and analyzed by metallographic methods.