The spread of technology into more people's lives and the global reach of the Internet have had a profound effect on the way we do business, and it is beginning to have a tangible effect on the way we regulate. Online investing and other areas of e-commerce such as e-shopping, e-banking, and e-gambling provide fertile ground for observing these developments. This special issue focuses on online investing, and extends to these other areas in a discussion of regulatory innovation and the generic idea of the online consumer.The argument that the cyberworld is not susceptible to regulation has failed, and regulators and legislators are gradually developing a variety of responses to regulating the digital economy with online businesses. On one hand, there are relatively familiar adaptations such as extension of legal definitions to include digital modes, extraterritoriality of legislation, strengthening of intellectual property rights, and increasing investigative powers, remedies, and sanctions. On the other hand, there is a trend towards mixing statebased regulation with other modes of regulation, for example, various forms of soft law such as guidelines and codes, self-regulatory and accreditation schemes, markets, social practices, and also software "code" or architecture such as filter programs.As the contributors to this special issue show, which of these approaches is adopted or how they are married together, may depend on how the policy debate is shaped. This in turn depends partly on which narratives or discourses are thought to have the greatest explanatory charge. Does envisioning the online investor as empowered by new investment technology capture the regulatory imagination and relevant interests, or is the more persuasive view that the online investor is actually more vulnerable? How is this related to the idea of regulating to control risk, and should the online investor or consumer be protected by the pastoral power of the state, or be encouraged to be more self-reliant? What is the regulatory conversation that is most likely to carry regulatory innovation forward, where is it best located, and who should participate?