Technologies of the Borexino experiment: Introduction

Bellini, G.

doi:10.1142/s0217751x14020023

Cited by 68 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These data are characterised by reduced levels of some of the most relevant radiogenic backgrounds, particularly 85 Kr, 210 Bi and 210 Po, thanks to a series of successful purification campaigns based on water extractions and low Argon-Krypton nitrogen sparging [23]. Basic selection criteria of this analysis are the same as previous Borexino solar neutrino papers and have been described in detail in [23], in the context of Borexino Phase-I. In particular, the criteria used in the pp analysis are:…”

Section: Pp Neutrino Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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First real–time detection of solar pp neutrinos by Borexino

Pallavicini

Bellini

Benziger

et al. 2016

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Solar neutrinos have been pivotal to the discovery of neutrino flavour oscillations and are a unique tool to probe the reactions that keep the Sun shine. Although most of solar neutrino components have been directly measured, the neutrinos emitted by the keystone pp reaction, in which two protons fuse to make a deuteron, have so far eluded direct detection. The Borexino experiment, an ultra-pure liquid scintillator detector running at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, has now filled the gap, providing the first direct real time measurement of pp neutrinos and of the solar neutrino luminosity.

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Section: Pp Neutrino Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the very high radio purity of the scintillator offered new unexpected results, such as a clear evidence of the pep solar neutrinos [7], a low energy threshold (3 MeV) detection of 8 B neutrinos [8], an unambiguous detection of geo-neutrinos [9], and several additional results on the search of rare events [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First real–time detection of solar pp neutrinos by Borexino

Pallavicini

Bellini

Benziger

et al. 2016

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…for 238 U and 232 Th contents, which are both below 10 −18 g/g. See [23], [24], [25], [32] and references therein for more details.…”

Section: Sub-mev Solar Neutrino Detection With Borexinomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Real time detection of the events and detector stability allowed to study the day-night effect of the 7 Be solar neutrino signal, which yielded the exclusion of the LOW solution of the neutrino oscillation based on solar data alone [29]. The very low background of the detector, a refined analysis on threefold coincidences and an innovative discrimination method of β + events based on the positronium formation, made it possible to explore the 1-2 MeV region with unprecedented sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Short review on solar neutrinos experiments and search for sterile neutrinos with solar neutrino detectors

Pallavicini

2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The spectroscopy of solar neutrinos is now entering the precision era, after a golden age which has led to the discovery of neutrino oscillations and the MSW effect. In this paper we summarise the current experimental knowledge in the field and its future perspectives, showing that solar neutrino detectors are and will remain a crucial tool for a deeper understanding of stars, neutrinos, and fundamental physics. We also show that solar neutrinos may become pivotal for the search of sterile neutrinos. Historical introductionThe development of solar neutrino physics in recent years may be divided into two periods. The first, which lasted from the early 70s until 2001, began with the pioneering work of the radiochemical 37 Cl experiment at Homestake (1970-1994, [1]), grew with the study of high energy (E>6 MeV) solar neutrinos by means of the water Cherenkov detectors at Kamioka mine in Japan (KamiokaNDE 1983(KamiokaNDE -1995[3] and Super-KamiokaNDE 1996-present [4]), continued with the detection of low energy neutrinos with gallium radiochemical experiments (Gallex [5], SAGE [6]), and was concluded by the discovery of solar neutrino oscillations by SNO [7][8].The second period started after the convincing discovery of neutrino oscillations and the beginning of the high precision era of solar physics, which has been initiated mainly by the SNO, KamLAND and Borexino experiments and which continues to develop thanks to upgrades and improvements of existing experiments and the design of future detectors.The first period, certainly a golden age for neutrino physics, has witness the first detection of solar neutrinos at different energies, which have proved unambiguously that the Sun's energy has a nuclear origin, the development of a very refined Standard Solar Model (SSM), the recognition of a sharp discrepancy between the model itself and the observed neutrino rates (the so called Solar Neutrino Problem, SNP), and the triumphal discovery of neutrino flavour oscillations as the sole possible explanation of that discrepancy.Although solar neutrino oscillations were, since the very beginning, a possible explanation of the SNP, the favour increased only when a clear evidence of oscillations was found in 1998 by means of atmospheric neutrinos [9].The observed deficit is explained by the fact that most solar neutrino experiments are either insensitive to muon or tau neutrinos, or have a suppressed cross section. The fact that the deficit is energy dependent requires the so called MSW effect [10] the SNO experiment that closed the story. The use of heavy water made the experiment able to measure separately the electron neutrino and the total neutrino flux at Earth, proving without ambiguities that the total neutrino flux at is the same as predicted by the SSM and that the electron neutrino flux is reduced by oscillations. Later measurements with enhanced neutron detection capability, first by dissolving salt in water and later with 3 He detectors, have confirmed the result. The oscillation picture was confirmed s...

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“…It is located deep underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, in central Italy. The overburden of 1.4 km thick dolomite calcareous rock reduces the cosmic muon flux by six orders of magnitude resulting in ∼3 m −2 h −1 [2]. The outermost part of Borexino is a water Cherenkov detector able to detect efficiently the residual muon flux and to attenuate the neutron and gamma radiation from the surrounding rock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borexino: recent solar and terrestrial neutrino results

Maneschg¹

2016

Proceedings of the European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(EPS-HEP2015)

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Borexino is a multi-ton organic liquid scintillator detector at the underground-based Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. Due to the unprecedented ultra-low background levels and a stable detector operation for more than eight years, Borexino has succeeded to perform real-time spectroscopy of low energy solar neutrinos and of terrestrial antineutrinos. For the most recently detected pp neutrinos, which constitute 90% of the total neutrino flux from the Sun, a rate of (144 ± 13 (stat) ± 10 (syst)) · (100 ton · d) −1 was found. This is consistent with the expectations of the Standard Solar Model and the LMA-MSW solution of the neutrino oscillation paradigm. Lately Borexino improved also its previous results on terrestrial antineutrinos by considering a higher exposure of almost 1 kton·yr. The measurement counted 23.7−0.6 (syst) events, which rejects a non-observation of terrestrial antineutrinos at 5.9 σ C.L. In addition, the ratio of the radiogenic heat elements Th and U deduced from this measurement was found to be consistent with that of chondrite meteorites, which reflect the primordial composition of the Earth.

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Technologies of the Borexino experiment: Introduction

Cited by 68 publications

References 28 publications

First real–time detection of solar pp neutrinos by Borexino

First real–time detection of solar pp neutrinos by Borexino

Short review on solar neutrinos experiments and search for sterile neutrinos with solar neutrino detectors

Borexino: recent solar and terrestrial neutrino results

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