Technology‐delivered personalized nutrition intervention on dietary outcomes among adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression

Abstract

SummaryThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has continued to increase globally, and one‐size‐fits‐all dietary recommendations may not be suitable for different individual characteristics. A personalized nutrition intervention may be a potential solution. This review aims to evaluate the effects of the technology‐delivered personalized nutrition intervention on energy, fat, vegetable, and fruit intakes among adults with overweight and obesity. A three‐step comprehensive search strategy was performed from 10 databases and seven clinical registries in published and unpublished trials. A total of 46 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 19,670 adults with overweight and obesity from 14 countries are included. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were conducted. Meta‐analyses showed a reduction of energy intake (−128.05, 95% CI: −197.08, −59.01) and fat intake (−1.81% energy/days, 95% CI: −3.38, −0.24, and −0.19 scores, 95% CI: −0.40, 0.02) in the intervention compared with the comparator. Significant improvements in vegetable and fruit intakes with 0.12–0.15 servings/day were observed in the intervention. Combined one‐ and two‐way interactions had a greater effect on energy intake reduction compared with their counterparts. Meta‐regression analyses revealed that no significant covariates were found. Given that the certainty of the evidence was rated as low or very low, further well‐designed RCTs with long‐term follow‐up are warranted.