Technology Development of Electric Vehicles: A Review

Sun, Xiang; Li, Zhengguo; Wang, Xiaolin; Li, Chengjiang

doi:10.3390/en13010090

Cited by 320 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(281 reference statements)

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“…The analyzed methods of organizing the charging infrastructure using renewable energy sources, except for Sun et al (2019) [44], are based on the use of new technologies when creating a charging infrastructure.…”

Section: -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources for the Charging Infrastructure of Electric Vehicles

Горбунова

Anisimov

2020

Emerg Sci J

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Application of renewable energy sources is a relevant area of energy supply for urban infrastructure. In 2019, the share of energy produced by such sources reached 11% (for solar energy) and 22% (for wind energy) of the total energy produced during the year. However, these systems require an improvement in their efficiency that can be achieved by introducing electric vehicles. They can accumulate, store and transfer surplus energy to the city’s power grid. A solution to this problem is a smart charging infrastructure. The existing studies in the field of charging infrastructure organization for electric vehicles consider only models locating charging stations in the city or the calculation of their required number. These calculations are based on socio-economic factors and images of a potential owner of an electric vehicle. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a methodology for determining the location of charging stations and their required number. The calculation will include the operating features of the existing charging infrastructure, which has not been done before. Thus, the purpose of this article is to research the operation of the existing charging infrastructure. This will provide an opportunity to develop approaches to the energy supply of charging infrastructure and city’s power grid from renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of data on the number of charging sessions during the year, month and day. This data enable us to construct curves of the charging session number and suggest ways to conduct the next stages of this study. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2020-01251 Full Text: PDF

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Section: -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources for the Charging Infrastructure of Electric Vehicles

Горбунова

Anisimov

2020

Emerg Sci J

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“…The valued metals recovery from spent batteries not only contributes to environment protection, but also improves the resources utilization and reduces battery production costs [ 5 ]. Currently, in many areas of life, the most commonly used batteries are nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Lanthanum(III) and Nickel(II) Ions from Acidic Solutions by the Highly Effective Ion Exchanger

2020

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The recovery of La(III) and Ni(II) ions by a macroporous cation exchanger in sodium form (Lewatit Monoplus SP112) has been studied in batch experiments under varying HNO3 concentrations (0.2–2.0 mol/dm3), La(III) and Ni(II) concentrations (25–200 mg/dm3), phase contact time (1–360 min), temperature (293–333 K), and resin mass (0.1–0.5 g). The experimental data revealed that the sorption process was dependent on all parameters used. The maximum sorption capacities were found at CHNO3 = 0.2 mol/dm3, m = 0.1 g, and T = 333 K. The kinetic data indicate that the sorption followed the pseudo-second order and film diffusion models. The sorption equilibrium time was reached at approximately 30 and 60 min for La(III) and Ni(II) ions, respectively. The equilibrium isotherm data were best fitted with the Langmuir model. The maximum monolayer capacities of Lewatit Monoplus SP112 were equal to 95.34 and 60.81 mg/g for La(III) and Ni(II) ions, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the sorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Moreover, dynamic experiments were performed using the columns set. The resin regeneration was made using HCl and HNO3 solutions, and the desorption results exhibited effective regeneration. The ATR/FT-IR and XPS spectroscopy results indicated that the La(III) and Ni(II) ions were coordinated with the sulfonate groups.

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“…Electric vehicles, or hybrid plug-in vehicles, or hybrid vehicles (which are mainly supplied by battery) are a promising solution. Therefore, the electric vehicles (e-vehicle, EVs) industries have designed and developed the technology to progress the extension of EVs [1][2][3]. A lot of research works have been conducted on future vehicle technology [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the electric vehicles (e-vehicle, EVs) industries have designed and developed the technology to progress the extension of EVs [1][2][3]. A lot of research works have been conducted on future vehicle technology [1][2][3]. In EVs, the powertrains are composed of batteries, power converters, and AC electrical motors, such as permanent magnet synchronous motors due to their high energy efficiency, suitable torque-to-weight ratio, and long life span [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Flatness-Based Cascade Energy/Current Control of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source for Modern e–Vehicle Applications

et al. 2020

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This article proposes a new control law for an embedded DC distributed network supplied by a supercapacitor module (as a supplementary source) and a battery module (as the main generator) for transportation applications. A novel control algorithm based on the nonlinear differential flatness approach is studied and implemented in the laboratory. Using the differential flatness theory, straightforward solutions to nonlinear system stability problems and energy management have been developed. To evaluate the performance of the studied control technique, a hardware power electronics system is designed and implemented with a fully digital calculation (real-time system) realized with a MicroLabBox dSPACE platform (dual-core processor and FPGA). Obtained test bench results with a small scale prototype platform (a supercapacitor module of 160 V, 6 F and a battery module of 120 V, 40 Ah) corroborate the excellent control structure during drive cycles: steady-state and dynamics.

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Technology Development of Electric Vehicles: A Review

Cited by 320 publications

References 172 publications

Assessment of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources for the Charging Infrastructure of Electric Vehicles

Assessment of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources for the Charging Infrastructure of Electric Vehicles

Recovery of Lanthanum(III) and Nickel(II) Ions from Acidic Solutions by the Highly Effective Ion Exchanger

Differential Flatness-Based Cascade Energy/Current Control of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Source for Modern e–Vehicle Applications

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