Technology developments and first measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) for high energy physics applications

Pellegrini, G.; Fernández-Martínez, P.; Baselga, M.; Fleta, C.; Flores, D.; Greco, V.; Hidalgo, S.; Mandić, I.; Kramberger, G.; Quirion, D.; Ullán, M.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.06.008

Cited by 333 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In semiconductors this effect is used in Avalanche Photon Detectors (APD) with gain in the 100's and Silicon Photon Multipliers (SiPM) with a gain of about 10,000 [10]. In distinction to those applications, UFSD are based on Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) with a gain of 10-20 [11].…”

Section: Low-gain Avalanche Detectors (Lgad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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4D tracking with ultra-fast silicon detectors

2017

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The evolution of particle detectors has always pushed the technological limit in order to provide enabling technologies to researchers in all fields of science. One archetypal example is the evolution of silicon detectors, from a system with a few channels 30 years ago, to the tens of millions of independent pixels currently used to track charged particles in all major particle physics experiments. Nowadays, silicon detectors are ubiquitous not only in research laboratories but in almost every high-tech apparatus, from portable phones to hospitals. In this contribution, we present a new direction in the evolution of silicon detectors for charge particle tracking, namely the inclusion of very accurate timing information. This enhancement of the present silicon detector paradigm is enabled by the inclusion of controlled low gain in the detector response, therefore increasing the detector output signal sufficiently to make timing measurement possible. After providing a short overview of the advantage of this new technology, we present the necessary conditions that need to be met for both sensor and readout electronics in order to achieve 4D tracking. In the last section, we present the experimental results, demonstrating the validity of our research path.

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Section: Low-gain Avalanche Detectors (Lgad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LGAD sensors was presented in 2014 by CNM [11] while the first production of thin UFSD (50 µm) by CNM was presented in 2016 [42]. First beam test results on thin UFSD manufactured by CNM have been obtained in 2016 [43].…”

Section: Ufsd Productionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D tracking with ultra-fast silicon detectors

2017

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“…An alternative approach to enhance the timing performance for silicon devices is the usage of thin, low gain avalanche detectors (LGAD) [18,19]. These sensors have a gain layer similar to APDs but with a modified doping profile.…”

Section: Low-gain Avalanche Diodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Usage of Precision Timing Detectors in High Rate and High Pileup Environments

Bornheim¹

2017

Proceedings of the 25th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2016)

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High energy particle collider experiments are facing ever more challenging conditions, operating at todays accelerators capable of providing instantaneous luminosities of 10 34 cm −2 s −1 and above. The high center of mass energy, the large number of simultaneous collision of beam particles in the experiments and the very high repetition rates of the collision events pose huge challenges. They result in extremely high particle fluxes, causing very high occupancies in the particle physics detectors operating at these machines. A precise timing information with a precision of around 10 ps and below is seen as a major aid in the reconstruction of the physics events under such challenging conditions. In this paper I discuss applications of precision timing in high pile-up conditions and review the efforts of the LHC collaborations to augment the timing performance of their detectors during future upgrade campaigns. Different detector technologies allowing precision timing measurements will be discussed and their potential benefit for a holistic event reconstruction will be illustrated.

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“…The P-Stop is created by using the channel stopper implantation and is the most effective way to eliminate the surface current path at the cost of added peripheral area. LGAD detectors have been fabricated with a gain in the range of 10 and a capability of sustaining more than 1000 V with different detection areas [1]. The edge termination and peripheral regions were optimized according to the analysis reported in this paper.…”

Section: D) P-spray and P-stopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of an optimum peripheral region for low gain avalanche detectors

Fernández-Martínez

Flores

Hidalgo

et al. 2016

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) represent a remarkable advance in high energy particle detection, since they provide a moderate increase (gain ~10) of the collected charge, thus leading to a notable improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio, which largely extends the possible application of Silicon detectors beyond their present working field. The optimum detection performance requires a careful implementation of the multiplication junction, in order to obtain the desired gain on the read out signal, but also a proper design of the edge termination and the peripheral region, which prevents the LGAD detectors from premature breakdown and large leakage current.This work deals with the critical technological aspects when optimising the LGAD structure. The impact of several design strategies for the device periphery is evaluated with the aid of TCAD simulations, and compared with the experimental results obtained from the first LGAD prototypes fabricated at the IMB-CNM clean room. Solutions for the peripheral region improvement are also provided.

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Technology developments and first measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) for high energy physics applications

Cited by 333 publications

References 10 publications

4D tracking with ultra-fast silicon detectors

4D tracking with ultra-fast silicon detectors

On the Usage of Precision Timing Detectors in High Rate and High Pileup Environments

Design and fabrication of an optimum peripheral region for low gain avalanche detectors

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