ABSTRACT:The seismogenic source, the intensity distribution and the coseismic effects are investigated for the March 4, 1924 (Ms = 7.0) earthquake, which occurred in the central-pacific forearc of Costa Rica. A neotectonic study allows to define the characteristics of the cortical faulting related to this destructive earthquake. From a careful study of macroseismic data obtained from different bibliographic sources, the intensity distribution of this earthquake is defined. Maximum intensities between VIII and IX in the Mercalli Modified scale were defined in the mesoseismal area, which includes the towns of Orotina, San Mateo, San Ramón and Esparza. The earthquake produce the collapse and damage of a great number of houses and buildings, strong damage to the railroad, great number of landslides, rock falls, earth cracks and liquefaction. The earthquake aftershock sequence includes various events with magnitudes Ms between 5.0 and 6.4. The main shock triggered seismic activity in different faults along the interior region of the country, and eruptions at the Irazú and Rincón de la Vieja volcanoes. With criteria such as an epicentral location using regional seismographic stations, the trend of the S wave and the S-P from aftershocks, the mesoseismal area, and a possible earthquake rupture, it is suggested that the seismogenic source of the earthquake was the Tárcoles fault, although it is believed that the Bijagual fault system also contribute to the rupture process. These are transcurrent faults trending NE to N, that belong to a deformation zone located between the Caribbean plate and the Panamá microplate. For this reason, the March 4, 1924 earthquake is considered an interplate event related to the incipient limit between those tectonic plates.
RESUMEN:La fuente sismogénica, la distribución de intensidades y los efectos cosísmicos son investigados para el terremoto del 4 de marzo de 1924 (Ms = 7,0), ocurrido en la región del antearco central pacífico de Costa Rica. Un estudio neotectónico permite identificar las características del fallamiento cortical al cual se asocia este destructivo sismo. Un estudio cuidadoso de datos macrosísmicos recopilados de diferentes fuentes bibliográficas ha permitido determinar la distribución de intensidades de este evento, el cual originó intensidades Mercalli Modificada (MM) entre VIII y IX grados en el área mesosísmica, que incluye entre otros a los poblados de Orotina, San Mateo, San Ramón y Esparza. Aparte del gran número de casas y edificios que quedaron inhabitables, el terremoto generó innumerables daños a la línea férrea, gran cantidad de deslizamientos, caída de rocas, agrietamientos del suelo y licuefacción. El terremoto fue seguido por varias réplicas con magnitudes Ms entre 5,0 y 6,4. Además, el evento principal disparó actividad sísmica en varias fallas corticales del interior del país y actividad volcánica en el Irazú y posiblemente en el Rincón de la Vieja. De acuerdo con diversos criterios como son una localización epicentral con estaciones sismológicas regional...