Tectonic framework and Phanerozoic evolution of Sundaland

Silurian high-pressure granulites from Central Qiangtang, Tibet: Constraints on early Paleozoic collision along the northeastern margin of Gondwana

“…9) forming present-day East and Southeast Asia were located along the Indo-Australian margin of northeastern Gondwana in the early Paleozoic (Metcalfe, 2006(Metcalfe, , 2011a(Metcalfe, , 2011b(Metcalfe, , 2013. Close faunal affinities suggest contiguity of these continental blocks with each other and with Gondwana from the Cambrian to the Silurian (Rong et al, 1995).…”

“…Robust paleomagnetic, biogeographical, and tectonostratigraphic data indicate that the PaleoTethyan Ocean initially opened as a back-arc basin during the Middle Silurian to Early Devonian in response to the detachment of the ribbon-like "Asiatic Hunic superterrane" from the northern margin of Gondwana (Fig. 10d) Von Raumer et al, 2002;Ferrari et al, 2008;Lehmann et al, 2013;Metcalfe, 2011bMetcalfe, , 2013. The "Asiatic Hunic superterrane" might have been an assemblage of continental blocks or volcanic islands including Tarim-Qaidam, North and South China Von Raumer et al, 2002;Metcalfe, 2011bMetcalfe, , 2013.…”

“…10d) Von Raumer et al, 2002;Ferrari et al, 2008;Lehmann et al, 2013;Metcalfe, 2011bMetcalfe, , 2013. The "Asiatic Hunic superterrane" might have been an assemblage of continental blocks or volcanic islands including Tarim-Qaidam, North and South China Von Raumer et al, 2002;Metcalfe, 2011bMetcalfe, , 2013. The opening of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean also led to the arrest and dismemberment of the early Paleozoic orogenesis along the northern margin of Indo-Australian Gondwana.…”

“…In the early Paleozoic these blocks or terranes were located along the Indo-Australian margin of northeastern Gondwana (Metcalfe, 2006(Metcalfe, , 2011a(Metcalfe, , 2011b(Metcalfe, , 2013. Separation and northward migration of these blocks or terranes from Gondwana occurred in three phases linked with the successive opening and closure of three intervening Tethyan oceans: the Paleo-Tethys (Devonian-Triassic), Meso-Tethys (late early PermianLate Cretaceous), and Ceno-Tethys (Late Triassic-Late Cretaceous) (Metcalfe, 2013).…”

Provenance and depositional setting of Lower Silurian siliciclastic rocks on Hainan Island, South China: Implications for a passive margin environment of South China in Gondwana

“…In summary, the Lower Silurian Tuolie Formation is a thick, bathyal to abyssal facies, continental shelf to slope, clastic turbiditic succession with minor volcanic rocks, tuffites, tuffaceous siltstones, and intercalated limestones, and has similar geochemical compositions to those from a cratonic or recycled-orogen provenance (Bhatia, 1983;McLennan et al, 1990). According to Metcalfe (2011Metcalfe ( , 2013 and others (e.g., Jiang et al, 2003;Su et al, 2009;Usuki et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2014a;Zhou et al, 2014), the SCB was closely related to the evolution of the northeast Gondwana in the early Palaeozoic. The geochemical characteristics and depositional setting of the Early Silurian (meta)siliciclastic rocks in Hainan Island may indicate a special position for the SCB in Gondwana.…”