Tectonic Geomorphology North and South of the Garlock Fault, California

Bull, William B.; McFadden, Leslie D.

doi:10.4324/9780429299230-5

Cited by 304 publications

(398 citation statements)

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“…To understand the relation of valley morphology and landslides, the ratio of valley floor width to valley height (V f ; Bull & McFadden, ) was computed using the following equation:

V_{f} = {2V}_{fw} / ([], ((), E_{ld} - E_{sc}) + ((), E_{rd} - E_{sc}))

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the mapping limitations of the GE Imagery, ground truthing has also been practiced to undermine these limitations by comparing known distances on the ground with GE measurement (Cascini et al, ; Mohammed, Ghazi, & Mustafa, ). To infer spatially varying tectonic regime, steepness index (k s ) of stream power erosion law (Flint, ) and valley floor width to valley height ratio (V f ), proposed by Bull and McFadden () have been used as common proxies in different studies (Howard & Kerby, ; Luirei, Bhakuni, & Kothyari, ; Wobus et al, ). Topographic swath profile is another such proxy that has been found useful in revealing tectonic influences on the topography (Telbisz, Kovács, Székely, & Szabó, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonics, and climate regime, Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya

2018

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Landslides have been considered widely as principal mass wasting agents in the valleys experiencing varied influence of tectonics and climate. However, pattern of landslides is rarely addressed in the literature that may act as a surface manifestation of interrelationship of tectonics, climate, and lithology. Here, we have attempted to understand such interrelationship in the context of landslide distribution pattern in the Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya. Geomorphic indices such as steepness index, valley floor width to valley height ratio, and topographic swath profile were used for tectonic inference. Daily rainfall data of the year 2000-2016, using 5 rain-gauge stations and swath profile of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, were used to deduce spatial variability of climate. Influence of lithological variability and regional faults; Sangla Detachment, Main Central Thrust, and Munsiari Thrust on the landslide distribution are also inferred. A total of 55 landslides (20 rock avalanche, 19 debris slides, and 16 rockfalls) are found to exist in 6 clusters along 130 km stretch of the Satluj valley. These landslides, covering a total area (A) and volume (V) of 1.05 × 10 7 m 2 and 4.4 × 10 7 m 3 , respectively, are also noted to follow a power law (R 2 = 0.8) and result in a scaling relationship of V = (0.180)A 1.208 .

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“…To understand the relation of valley morphology and landslides, the ratio of valley floor width to valley height (V f ; Bull & McFadden, ) was computed using the following equation:

V_{f} = {2V}_{fw} / ([], ((), E_{ld} - E_{sc}) + ((), E_{rd} - E_{sc}))

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonics, and climate regime, Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya

2018

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“…The mountain‐front sinuosity has been used to evaluate the relative tectonic activity along mountain fronts in which active mountain fronts uplift ( Smf < 1.4) prevailed over erosional processes the less tectonically active fronts ( Smf > 1.4) whilst, erosional processes generated irregular or sinuous fronts (Bull & McFadden, ; Keller, ; Martínez‐Martínez, ; Pérez‐Peña et al (); Silva, Goy, Zazo, & Bardají, ). The SW Cameroon Smf index mean values with lowest values Smf (1.15) establish the active tectonic character of that margin, with the most recent uplifts concentrated from western to centre mountain front (Table , Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The landform analysis focuses on the morphological provinces based on the slope ( S ), the relative relief ratio Rr = H * 100/ P (Gabale & Pawar, ; Melton, ) and the mountain‐front sinuosity Smf = Lmf/Lr (Bull, ). The Smf represents a balance between erosive processes tending to erode a mountain front, making it more sinuous and tending to produce straight mountain fronts often linkable to active faults or folds (Bull & McFadden, ; El Hamdouni, Irigaray, Fernández, Chacón, & Keller, ; Keller, ). The drainage network analyses aims to identify areas experiencing rapid tectonic deformation using Keller () and Keller and Pinter () geomorphic indices, notably: the hypsometric integral (HI) is used to evaluate the preserved portion of basin to the erosion; this parameter was developed by Strahler () giving the formula HI = ( H mean – H min )/( H max – H min ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Edea‐Eseka geomorphic units: A 'natural laboratory' of a prototype active rifting cross‐cutting the Southern Cameroon (West African) passive margin

et al. 2019

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The SW Cameroonian passive margin, a part of the Cameroon Low-Plateau, presents several topographic levels cross-cut by the Sanaga Fault (SF), Benue Triple Junction and Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), three pre-and syn-rift tectonic features that are still active. This study carried out on the Edea-Eseka Region (EER) a portion of this margin (3 30 0 -4 N, 10 -10 55 0 E) aims to constrain the relationships between these features and the development of the morphology. Geomorphic indices, combined with field observations and supported by literature data show that the interactive activity of these structures constitutes the main force that controls the EER morphology. From West to East, EER consists of three morphotectonic units: the Coastal, Intermediate and Upper units. The Coastal unit built on the Douala-Kribi/Campo Basin (<65 Ma) and assigned to the Aptian South Atlantic rifting, exhibits low reliefs deeply incised. The Intermediate and Upper units are developed on the Nyong and Oubanguide crystallophyllian complexes during the Eburnean/Trans-Amazonian (2,400-1,750 Ma) and Pan-African (650-540 Ma) orogenies, respectively. The Intermediate unit with moderate reliefs registers a strong differential erosion, whilst the Upper unit records high-reliefs. Geomorphic indices, tectonic and recent seismic data reveal that the EER has been rejuvenated, experienced uplifts and tiltings synchronously with the main active phases of these features. The timing and magnitude of these activities vary from one unit to another. The morphotectonic model is consistent to the crucial tectonic phases: emplacement of SF (Palaeozoic), the breakup of Gondwana and erection of CVL (Cretaceous).

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“…To supplement field evidences, morphometric analyses have been carried out in various tectonic terrains of the world. These parameters allow the identification of deformation and uplift experienced by an area (Bull, ; Bull & McFadden, ; Keller, ; Keller & Pinter, ; Rhea, ; Strahler, ; Troiani & Della Seta, ; Tsodoulos, Koukouvelas, & Pavlides, ). The present study involving analysis of morphotectonic features, topographic maps and satellite data, estimation of various geomorphic indices, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating has been undertaken in order to throw light on ongoing tectonic activity in the region and its role in the creation of the various Late Quaternary landforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary deformation in parts of the Belt of Schuppen of Dimapur and Peren districts, Nagaland, NE India

et al. 2019

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Geomorphic evidences and geochronology suggest recent tectonic activity in the Belt of Schuppen of Dimapur and Peren districts of Nagaland. Multiple levels of strath terraces forming remarkable geomorphic expressions are observed along the Chathe and Jharnapani river valleys. They indicate episodic uplift of the hanging-wall blocks of the thrust systems. The major lineaments prominently trend parallel to the NE-SW regional thrusts, some being perpendicular or oblique. Active normal faults displacing bedrock and overlying fill sediments point to recent tectonic activity. The parallel and trellis drainage patterns are lineament-controlled. Uplift of the terrain is evident from successive palaeochannels of the Chathe River younging towards the southwest.Three major aggradational phases of the terrace sediments are inferred from optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology, the oldest beginning around 21 ka, the second around 11-7 ka, and the youngest between 3.5 and 1 ka. A sand lens of a tilted strath terrace exposed between Kukidolong and Chumukedima is dated at 7 ka, indicating tectonic events after 7 ka. Five major phases of bedrock uplift/incision have been estimated during 20 ka (0.13 mm/year), 11 ka (0.92 mm/ year), 9 ka (2.29 mm/year), 6 ka (0.67 mm/year), and 1.8 ka (2.6 mm/year). Transverse topographic symmetry and asymmetry factor data suggest tilting towards the NE and SW. Other morphometric indices, such as channel sinuosity, stream length gradient index, valley floor to valley height ratio, and mountain front sinuosity, suggest that the area is tectonically active, which corroborates field observations.

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Tectonic Geomorphology North and South of the Garlock Fault, California

Cited by 304 publications

References 0 publications

Spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonics, and climate regime, Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya

Spatial interrelationship of landslides, litho‐tectonics, and climate regime, Satluj valley, Northwest Himalaya

Evolution of the Edea‐Eseka geomorphic units: A 'natural laboratory' of a prototype active rifting cross‐cutting the Southern Cameroon (West African) passive margin

Late Quaternary deformation in parts of the Belt of Schuppen of Dimapur and Peren districts, Nagaland, NE India

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