Tectonic re-interpretation of the Banggai-Sula–Molucca Sea margin, Indonesia

Watkinson, Ian M.; Hall, Robert; Ferdian, Farid

doi:10.1144/sp355.10

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…159, 173-174, 181-183;Silver et al, 1983]. Van Leeuwen et al [2010], Villeneuve et al [1998Villeneuve et al [ , 2000Villeneuve et al [ , 2001, and Watkinson et al [2011] date this collision as Pliocene. Davies [1990] showed that one block (Banggai) collided with the peninsula between 5.3 and 3.8 Ma, when clastic sedimentation on limestone began.…”

Section: A5 Sulawesi the Makassar Strait And The Sula Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages

Molnár

Cronin

2015

Paleoceanography

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The areal extent of the Maritime Continent (the islands of Indonesia and surrounding region) has grown larger by~60% since 5 Ma. We argue that this growth might have altered global climate in two ways that would have contributed to making recurring Ice Ages possible. First, because rainfall over the islands of the Maritime Continent not only is heavier than that over the adjacent ocean but also correlates with the strength of the Walker Circulation, the growth of the Maritime Continent since 5 Ma may have contributed to the cooling of the eastern tropical Pacific since that time. Scaling relationships between the strength of the Walker Circulation and rainfall over the islands of the Maritime Continent and between sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern tropical Pacific and the strength of easterly wind stress suggest that the increase in areal extent of islands would lead to a drop in that SST of 0.75°C. Although only a fraction of the 3-4°C decrease in SSTs between the eastern and western tropical Pacific, the growth of the Maritime Continent may have strengthened the Walker Circulation, increased the east-west temperature gradient across the Pacific and thereby enabled ice sheets to wax and wane over Canada since 3 Ma. Second, because the weathering of basaltic rock under warm, moist conditions extracts CO 2 from the atmosphere more rapidly than weathering of other rock or of basalt under cooler or drier conditions, the increase in weathering due to increasing area of basalt in the Maritime Continent may have drawn down enough CO 2 from the atmosphere to affect global temperatures. Simple calculations suggest that increased weathering of basalt might have lowered global temperatures by 0.25°C, possibly important for the overall cooling.

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Section: A5 Sulawesi the Makassar Strait And The Sula Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages

Molnár

Cronin

2015

Paleoceanography

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“…The dip of local crustal faults was sourced from published estimates obtained from seismic reflection data (Rigg and Hall, 2012;Watkinson et al, 2011Watkinson et al, , 2012 and from the global CMT catalogue (Ekstrom et al, 2012). For the Sunda Arc, the fault geometry used by the InaTEWS was adopted to allow compatibility between the two tsunami databases Strunz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Local Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for Indonesia

Horspool

Pranantyo

Griffin

et al. 2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

179

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Abstract. Probabilistic hazard assessments are a fundamental tool for assessing the threats posed by hazards to communities and are important for underpinning evidence-based decision-making regarding risk mitigation activities. Indonesia has been the focus of intense tsunami risk mitigation efforts following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, but this has been largely concentrated on the Sunda Arc with little attention to other tsunami prone areas of the country such as eastern Indonesia. We present the first nationally consistent probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) for Indonesia. This assessment produces time-independent forecasts of tsunami hazards at the coast using data from tsunami generated by local, regional and distant earthquake sources. The methodology is based on the established monte carlo approach to probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) and has been adapted to tsunami. We account for sources of epistemic and aleatory uncertainty in the analysis through the use of logic trees and sampling probability density functions. For short return periods (100 years) the highest tsunami hazard is the west coast of Sumatra, south coast of Java and the north coast of Papua. For longer return periods (500-2500 years), the tsunami hazard is highest along the Sunda Arc, reflecting the larger maximum magnitudes. The annual probability of experiencing a tsunami with a height of > 0.5 m at the coast is greater than 10 % for Sumatra, Java, the Sunda islands (Bali, Lombok, Flores, Sumba) and north Papua. The annual probability of experiencing a tsunami with a height of > 3.0 m, which would cause significant inundation and fatalities, is 1-10 % in Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok and north Papua, and 0.1-1 % for north Sulawesi, Seram and Flores. The results of this national-scale hazard assessment provide evidence for disaster managers to prioritise regions for risk mitigation activities and/or more detailed hazard or risk assessment.

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“…Sediments from the colliding wedges are being extruded to the south (Silver & Moore, 1978;Moore & Silver, 1983) and show a chaotic structure indicative of continuous deformation distributed across many small faults and folds rather than localised on large crustal structures (Watkinson et al, 2011). Tsunamigenic earthquakes are likely to happen here too.…”

Section: Molucca Sea (Sangihe Thrust Sangihe Backthrust and Halmahermentioning

confidence: 99%

8. Earthquake sources of the Australian plate margin: revised models for the 2018 national tsunami and earthquake hazard assessments

Griffin¹,

Davies²

2018

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Tectonic re-interpretation of the Banggai-Sula–Molucca Sea margin, Indonesia

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages

Growth of the Maritime Continent and its possible contribution to recurring Ice Ages

A probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for Indonesia

8. Earthquake sources of the Australian plate margin: revised models for the 2018 national tsunami and earthquake hazard assessments

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