Teflon® AF: A Family of Amorphous Fluoropolymers with Extraordinary Properties

Resnick, Paul R.; Buck, Warren H.

doi:10.1007/0-306-46919-7_2

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As detection cell we use a Teflon AF 2400 LCW tube (DuPont, 0.6 mm I.D.). This special type of Teflon differs from commonly used polyfluorocarbons by its very low index of refraction of 1.29 only (Resnick and Buck, 1999). Filled with water or ethanol the light is totally reflected inside the capillary.…”

Section: Analyser Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a sensitive long path absorption photometer to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles (Peroxide-LOPAP)

et al. 2012

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Abstract.A new off-line instrument to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles using iodometry in long path absorption spectroscopy has been developed and is called peroxide long path absorption photometer (Peroxide-LOPAP). The new analytical setup features important technical innovations compared to hitherto published iodometric peroxide measurements. Firstly, the extraction, chemical conversion and measurement of the aerosol samples are performed in a closed oxygen-free (∼ 1 ppb) environment. Secondly, a 50-cm optical detection cell is used for an increased photometric sensitivity. The limit of detection was 0.1 µM peroxide in solution or 0.25 nmol m −3 with respect to an aerosol sample volume of 1 m 3 . The test reaction was done at a constant elevated temperature of 40 • C and the reaction time was 60 min.Calibration experiments showed that the test reaction with all reactive peroxides, i.e. hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), peracids and peroxides with vicinal carbonyl groups (e.g. lauroyl peroxide) goes to completion and their sensitivity (slope of calibration curve) varies by only ±5 %. However, very inert peroxides have a lower sensitivity. For example, tert-butyl hydroperoxide shows only 37 % sensitivity compared to H 2 O 2 after 1 h. A kinetic study revealed that even after 5 h only 85 % of this inert compound had reacted.The time trends of the peroxide content in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the ozonolysis and photooxidation of α-pinene in smog chamber experiments were measured. The highest mass fraction of peroxides with 34 % (assuming a molecular weight of 300 g mol −1 ) was found in freshly generated SOA from α-pinene ozonolysis. Mass fractions decreased with increasing NO levels in the photooxidation experiments. A decrease of the peroxide content was also observed with aging of the aerosol, indicating a decomposition of peroxides in the particles.

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Section: Analyser Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a sensitive long path absorption photometer to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles (Peroxide-LOPAP)

et al. 2012

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“…Nonexhaustive examples are Nafion, Flemion, and Aciplex for ion-exchange membranes; 8 Scotchguard, Asahiguard, Lezanova, or Foraperle for textile treatment; 9 Fluoro-base, Lumiflon, Fluonate, Kynar for specific coatings with great weather resistance; and Zeffle and DX 2000 or amorphous transparent Teflon AF and Cytop for optical applications. 10,11 Interestingly, the introduction of cure site monomers has become a challenge in both the synthesis of the functional monomer, its reactivity in copolymerization, and the curable process. 12 However, few investigations have been carried out with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), the fluorinated comonomer being a phosphonate, 13,14 nitrile, 15,16 or ionic group 17,18 or hydroxyl 19,20 end groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of original functional polymers of tetrafluoroethylene and 4,5,5‐trifluoro‐4‐ene pentyl acetate

Kostov

Améduri

Boutevin

et al. 2004

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The bulk radical copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) with 4,5,5trifluoro-4-ene pentyl acetate (FAc), initiated by tert-butyl peroxypivalate to synthesize original, functionalized fluorinated poly(TFE-co-FAc), was investigated. FAc monomer was prepared from a five-step process. The copolymerization was carried out in batch at different initial monomer molar ratios ([TFE] o /[FAc] o ranging from 95/5 to 10/90 mol %) and at different initiator concentrations (ranging between 0.075 and 1.100 mol % about the monomers) at 70°C. All the experiments revealed the production of fluorooligomers as evidenced by an allylic-transfer reaction from FAc. The microstructure of these copolymers (i.e., the molar percentage of both monomers in the copolymers) was assessed by 19 F NMR spectroscopy. From the kinetics of copolymerization, two key characteristics were determined. First, the reaction order to the initiator (being 1.07) and that of FAc monomer (0.85) showed a heterogeneous character of the copolymerization and monomolecular chain-transfer reaction to FAc. Second, from the Tidwell and Mortimer method, the reactivity ratios of both comonomers were determined, showing a tendency to alternance in a wide range of initial monomeric ratios (30/70 -70/30): r FAc ϭ 0.20 Ϯ 0.26 and r TFE ϭ 0.18 Ϯ 0.15. Alfrey and Price's Q and e values of FAc were calculated by Greenley's technique [Q FAc ϭ 0.098 (from Q TFE ϭ 0.032) and e FAc ϭ 1.23 (vs e TFE ϭ 1.63)], indicating that FAc is a strong electron-withdrawing monomer as TFE. The normalized monomer-diad and triad fractions as a function of the polymer composition were obtained from the comonomer sequence-distribution procedure. The average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions as well as the thermal properties (glass-transition temperature and decomposition temperature) of the fluorocopolymers were assessed and are discussed.

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“…The remaining monomers require use of quadricyclane (tetracyclo[3.2.0.0 2,7 .0 4,6 ]heptane) as the cycloaddition partner to avoid formation of the undesired deltacyclane (tetracyclo-[2.2.1.2 3,5 .0 2,6 ]nonane) derivatives by the usual 2 + 2 + 2 cycloaddition of norbornadienes to olefins (Scheme 2). 27 Thus, reactions of quadricyclane with hexafluoroisobutylene, tert-butyl acrylate, di-tert-butyl fumarate, di-tert-butyl maleate, hexafluoroacetone, FC(O)CF 2 SO 2 F, and bis(trifluoromethyl)ketene 28 provided monomers 1d, 1o, 1q, 1r, 2a, 2b, and 2c, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Amorphous, high T g perfluoropolymers (TeflonAF and Cytop) have been developed using cyclic or cyclizable monomers but they are soluble only in expensive, highly fluorinated solvents. 3,4 Several years ago, we began investigating amorphous copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and polycyclic olefins, such as norbornene, as the binder polymer for photoresists for semiconductor manufacture at 157 nm. 5 This was based on our discovery that the TFE/norbornene copolymer has high transparency at this very high energy irradiation wavelength and is resistant to the ion etching used in the manufacturing process, both critical features for this application which was then expected to be commercial in the middle of this decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Amorphous Fluoropolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene with Fluorinated and Non-Fluorinated Tricyclononenes. Semiconductor Photoresists for Imaging at 157 and 193 nm

et al. 2006

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Twenty-two tricyclo[4.2.1.0 2,5 ]non-7-ene (TCN) or 3-oxatricyclononene monomers, having fluorinated or nonfluorinated substituents on the four-membered rings, were prepared by cycloaddition reactions of functionalized olefins with norbornadiene or quadricyclane. Radical polymerizations with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and/or TFE and acrylates provided amorphous polymers with high solubility in standard organic solvents. The TFE/TCN dipolymers typically have glass transition temperatures of over 200°C, substantially higher than TFE copolymers with norbornene. Perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl fluoride groups can be incorporated in the side chains of the TCN monomers giving soluble copolymers. Polymers which also incorporated acrylate monomers were prepared using a semibatch process to control composition. Selected polymers incorporating tertiary alkyl ester groups from the TCN monomer or acrylates have shown good image formation when compounded with a photoacid generator, imaged with 157 or 193 nm light, and developed using aqueous base.

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Teflon® AF: A Family of Amorphous Fluoropolymers with Extraordinary Properties

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Development of a sensitive long path absorption photometer to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles (Peroxide-LOPAP)

Development of a sensitive long path absorption photometer to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles (Peroxide-LOPAP)

Synthesis and characterization of original functional polymers of tetrafluoroethylene and 4,5,5‐trifluoro‐4‐ene pentyl acetate

New Amorphous Fluoropolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene with Fluorinated and Non-Fluorinated Tricyclononenes. Semiconductor Photoresists for Imaging at 157 and 193 nm

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